Undersea cables are the unseen arteries of modern communication, carrying 99% of the world’s internet and telecommunications traffic. Yet, as geopolitical tensions rise, these vital systems are becoming frequent targets of sabotage and hybrid warfare. Incidents from the Baltic Sea to the Taiwan Strait highlight both their strategic importance and vulnerabilities.
The Stakes: Why Undersea Cables Matter
Global Communication: These cables carry 99% of international data, enabling everything from financial transactions to government communications.
Economic Lifeline: Damaging these cables can disrupt trillions of dollars in daily transactions, impacting economies and businesses globally.
Military and Security Concerns: Undersea cables are vital for military communication, making them high-value targets in hybrid warfare strategies.
Recent Incidents and Their Implications Baltic Sea
October 2023: The Hong Kong-registered containership Newnew Polar Bear dragged its anchor across the seabed, damaging the Balticconnector natural gas pipeline and data cables in the Gulf of Finland. The ship fled toward Russia, evading investigation.
December 2024: A power cable between Finland and Estonia was severed, and suspicion fell on a Russian “shadow fleet” tanker, the Eagle S. Finnish authorities found specialized surveillance equipment on board, allegedly used to monitor naval activity.
Taiwan Strait
February 2023: Two undersea cables connecting Taiwan to the Matsu Islands were severed by a Chinese fishing boat and cargo vessel, leaving the island without internet for weeks.
January 2025: The freighter Shunxin-39 severed a cable off Taiwan’s northern coast. Although the ship escaped investigation, Taiwan suspects deliberate sabotage. Herming Chiueh, Deputy Head of Taiwan’s Digital Ministry, said the cable-cutting was likely intentional: “You need to accidentally [drop your] anchor on the cable, and then you need to accidentally turn on your engine with the anchor down, and even [if] you realize your anchor is down, you need to keep the engine moving until you cut the cable.”
Red Sea
Houthi rebels were suspected of damaging cables belonging to four major telecom networks, though the group denied involvement.
The Strategic Significance of Undersea Infrastructure
Economic Importance: These cables carry trillions of dollars in financial transactions daily. Disruptions can cripple economies, hinder communication, and destabilize global markets.
Military Implications: Reliable undersea communications are vital for military operations and coordination. Sabotage could cripple responses during crises, delaying information flow and strategic decisions.
Geopolitical Pressures: Russia and China employ unorthodox tactics to assert dominance and destabilize their adversaries.
U.S. Navy and Allied Responses
Enhanced Patrols: NATO and allied nations are increasing naval presence in the Baltic and other regions to monitor suspicious activity.
Technological Investments: AI-driven systems and underwater sensors are being deployed to detect and deter sabotage.
Policy and Collaboration: Strengthened international legal frameworks and collaborative efforts among allies are essential for defending undersea infrastructure.
The Way Forward
Mitigating Risks: Building redundant systems, deploying advanced monitoring technologies, and fostering public-private partnerships are key steps to reduce vulnerabilities.
A Call for Action: Safeguarding undersea cables requires prioritization at the highest levels of government and international collaboration to counter hybrid threats.
Undersea cables, often taken for granted, are critical to the global economy, security, and military operations. The recent spate of incidents underscores the need for vigilance, innovation, and collaboration. For the U.S. and its allies, safeguarding these invisible lifelines is not just a technical challenge—it’s a strategic imperative.
When I worked for the Reagan Library, I was in charge of communications for the library and the visiting presidents and their families. One of the most extraordinary moments of my career occurred during the library’s dedication, a historic occasion where five living U.S. presidents—Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, and Bush—would stand together for the first time. Or so we thought.
Initially, it was announced that President Jimmy Carter would not be attending. He had prior commitments in Zimbabwe, monitoring elections. At the time, I understood the demands of his global responsibilities, as well as the history of tensions between President Reagan and President Carter during the Iran hostage crisis. His absence seemed understandable. The office prepared for him sat empty.
A Midnight Change of Heart
Then, at 2 a.m. the night before the dedication, everything changed. I received a call from my boss informing me that President Carter had a change of heart. He was on a red-eye flight to California and would be attending after all. I was asked to have his office telecommunications ready in time for his arrival. Despite the unexpected timing, I couldn’t help but feel a sense of awe at his decision. It spoke volumes about his character and the depth of his commitment to history. He was determined to be there, recognizing the significance of the moment.
That day remains one of the most extraordinary events I’ve witnessed. The sight of five living presidents together was a reminder of the shared commitment that transcends differences, something President Carter exemplified with his presence.
A Meeting in Plains, Georgia
On a personal note, I brought photos of the presidents to the event, which I managed to have signed by the other four. My goal was to complete the set with President Carter’s signature. Unfortunately, years later, when I had the chance to meet him again, a delayed flight caused me to miss the connection. The photos went back into the closet, unsigned, and I thought I had missed my opportunity.
Persistence Pays: Completing the Signatures
But persistence often pays off. Twenty-five years after the Reagan Library dedication, I finally met President Carter in Plains, Georgia, during a church service. It was a quiet but profound moment. I thanked him for his service, both as a Navy officer and as President, and I shared the story of the photos. To my great joy, he graciously signed them, completing a journey that had begun decades earlier.
Those two photos, now signed by five living presidents, are treasures I’ve passed on to my children. They represent not just a piece of history but a lesson in perseverance, leadership, and unity.
Lessons in Leadership and Unity
As the founder of Americans for a Stronger Navy, I often reflect on how President Carter embodies the values of service and humility we hold dear. His actions at the Reagan Library and throughout his life remind us of the importance of rising above differences and serving a greater good.
Inspired by the Navy’s Legacy
The U.S. Navy is, and always has been, a source for good in the world. My respect for those who serve and have served in the Navy inspires me every single day. Their dedication, sacrifice, and commitment to safeguarding our nation and promoting peace globally is a profound reminder of what it means to lead a life of purpose.
A Call to Serve with Honor
I hope President Carter’s legacy continues to inspire others, as it has inspired me, to serve with honor and dedication in our own ways.
On Jan. 31, 1979, Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and President Jimmy Carter sign historic diplomatic agreements between the United States and China. (Photos: Jimmy Carter Library
Introduction: A Decision Made in Haste
Bill Cullifer, Founder
The December 2024 renewal of the U.S.-China Science and Technology Agreement (STA) has left some Americans questioning its timing and rationale. While the original 1979 agreement aimed to foster collaboration and mutual respect, today’s geopolitical realities demand a more cautious approach. As an American deeply concerned about our nation’s security and technological leadership, I share the frustration of Senators Marco Rubio, Bill Hagerty, and Jim Risch, who criticized this rushed decision. Senator Risch aptly noted, “The era when this agreement made sense is long gone,” a sentiment that reflects the growing consensus among those wary of China’s strategic ambitions.
Historical Context: Cooperation vs. Competition
The STA, first signed under President Jimmy Carter and Premier Deng Xiaoping, symbolized a hopeful era of collaboration. It was a landmark moment in U.S.-China relations, with industries and policymakers believing that shared knowledge could lead to mutual prosperity. However, over the decades, successive administrations—Republican and Democratic alike—failed to reassess the agreement’s implications. Instead, they allowed industries to prioritize market access over national security, kicking the proverbial can down the road.
Now, as the stakes grow higher, the optics of renewing this agreement without public scrutiny are troubling. Worse, the decision was made just before a presidential transition, effectively denying the incoming administration an opportunity to weigh in. This lack of transparency is a glaring issue, especially given how previous agreements with China have often left the U.S. vulnerable.
The Costs of Neglect: Knowledge Shared, Power Shifted
The consequences of this complacency are clear:
Industrial Espionage: Cases like Motorola and Micron Technology illustrate how China has systematically exploited intellectual property to advance its technological and military capabilities.
Military Implications: From stealth fighters to missile technology, stolen innovations have directly bolstered China’s ability to challenge U.S. military dominance.
A Navy Left Holding the Line
While industries reaped profits, the Navy was left to address the fallout:
Countering Advanced Threats: The Navy now faces adversaries equipped with technologies once exclusive to the U.S., making global readiness more challenging.
Strategic Vulnerabilities: Decades of neglect have created gaps in naval capabilities, leaving our sailors to pick up the pieces without the tools they need.
A Call for Accountability and Action
The renewal of the STA should have been an opportunity for reevaluation, not a rushed decision made behind closed doors. While the updated agreement includes some safeguards, such as excluding critical technologies like AI and quantum computing, these measures fall short of addressing the broader risks.
As Dr. Steven T. Wills, Ph.D., Captain (USN Retired), author of Strategy Shelved: The Collapse of Cold War Naval Strategic Planning and Senior Advisor for American for a Stronger Navy, explains: “The renewal of the U.S.-China Science and Technology Agreement must be viewed with a critical eye, especially given China’s consistent exploitation of open collaborations to advance its military and technological objectives. As a former U.S. Navy officer and author focused on strategic naval planning, I’ve seen firsthand how seemingly innocuous decisions can have long-term implications for national security. This agreement, while framed as a step forward in modernizing cooperation, risks overlooking the broader strategic context. If we fail to adopt a comprehensive approach that aligns scientific collaboration with national security, we risk repeating the mistakes of the past—leaving our Navy and national defense community to address the consequences without adequate tools or support. The time for a unified, forward-looking strategy is now.”
Dr. Wills’ perspective highlights a critical point: this isn’t just about protecting intellectual property—it’s about ensuring that strategic decisions today don’t leave the Navy and the broader defense community vulnerable tomorrow.
The renewal of the STA should have been an opportunity for reevaluation, not a rushed decision made behind closed doors. While the updated agreement includes some safeguards, such as excluding critical technologies like AI and quantum computing, these measures fall short of addressing the broader risks.
It’s time to demand:
Comprehensive Evaluation: Policymakers, industry leaders, and defense experts must scrutinize agreements like the STA to ensure they align with national security interests.
Support for the Navy: Our sailors deserve the resources and tools necessary to address the consequences of decades of neglect.
A Unified National Strategy: The U.S. must adopt a cohesive approach to balancing innovation with security, ensuring industries that benefited from globalization contribute to safeguarding national interests.
Conclusion: Enough Is Enough
The optics of this renewal are undeniably poor. It sends the wrong message at a time when China has consistently exploited partnerships for strategic gain. Americans for a Stronger Navy stands for transparency, accountability, and vigilance. We cannot afford to be naïve or complacent when the stakes are so high.
As someone who served in the U.S. Navy during the Cold War, I’ve had enough of watching decision-makers prioritize short-term gains over long-term security. In upcoming podcasts, we will examine this agreement and its implications in greater detail, bringing together experts to discuss how America can reclaim its leadership in science and technology while safeguarding its future.
It’s time for all Americans—especially industries that have profited most—to step up and support the Navy and national security. This isn’t just about science; it’s about our freedom, our future, and our ability to stand strong in the face of growing challenges.
As we welcome 2025, Americans for a Stronger Navy extends heartfelt wishes for a joyful and prosperous New Year to our members, subscribers, and supporters. Your dedication to our mission continues to inspire us as we advocate for a strong and resilient Navy.
Bill Cullifer, Founder
To celebrate, we’d like to share a piece of naval tradition highlighted in The Washington Post by retired Navy captain Sam Tangredi. His article, “On New Year’s Day, the U.S. Navy Rules the Rhymes,” features poetic entries from U.S. Navy ship logs—a unique way sailors have rung in the New Year since the 1920s.
Here’s an excerpt from the USS Coral Sea’s New Year’s log, written by Lt. J.G. R.J. Barrett in 1975:
USS Coral Sea By R.J. Barrett, lieutenant junior grade, U.S. Navy Reserve
Assumed the watch. Nineteen seventy-five, the very first day Finds Coral Sea in Subic Bay. Section Four is the “lucky one” To stay aboard and miss the fun.
Our shipmates all have gone ashore, At twelve o’clock we heard the roar. So far away and yet so near; Moored starboard side to Alava Pier.
This snapshot of life aboard a U.S. Navy vessel showcases the creativity and camaraderie of our sailors. You can read the full article, including poems from the USS Constellation and USS Charleston, by visiting The Washington Post.
As we step into the new year, let’s remember the sacrifices and traditions that unite our Navy community. Thank you for your ongoing support as we continue to champion the needs of our Navy and the brave individuals who serve.
Fair winds and following seas, The Americans for a Stronger Navy Team
Thank you for your recent article, Restoring Our Maritime Strength, which provides a compelling blueprint for addressing the urgent challenges facing the U.S. Navy and the broader maritime industry. Your insights underline the critical need for immediate, decisive action to secure America’s maritime future. As a former U.S. Destroyer Navy sailor and the founder of Americans for a Stronger Navy, I wholeheartedly support many of the recommendations outlined in your piece, though I believe there is room to expand and refine the conversation further.
Recognizing the Threats
Your framing of the maritime challenges posed by China’s growing naval and economic dominance is sobering and accurate. The convergence of military, commercial, and strategic threats from adversaries like China and Russia requires a holistic approach to maritime security. However, these challenges are not just Navy problems; they are American problems. As you noted, the decline in U.S. shipbuilding capacity and the neglect of our maritime industrial base have left us vulnerable. This is where public understanding and support become crucial.
Mobilizing Public Engagement
While your article rightly focuses on policy and institutional reform, the broader American public must be engaged in this conversation. Without public buy-in, even the most robust plans risk losing momentum. We must explain to Americans why our maritime strength is foundational to national security, economic stability, and global leadership. Initiatives like the “Ships for America Act” are a good starting point, but they need champions who can connect these policies to everyday American interests—from jobs in the shipbuilding industry to the safety of international trade routes.
Expanding the Workforce and Industrial Base
Your call to revitalize the maritime industrial base is vital, but it must also include targeted efforts to expand and diversify the workforce. Career Technical Education (CTE) programs, apprenticeships, and incentives for careers in shipbuilding and repair can rejuvenate a sector that has been overlooked for too long. Creating “maritime prosperity zones” could serve as a model for incentivizing investment in these industries while offering opportunities to underfunded high school and community college communities.
Addressing Maintenance and Readiness
The maintenance backlog you describe is a glaring vulnerability. Your suggestion of public-private partnerships to expand dry dock capacity is pragmatic and actionable. However, we must also address inefficiencies within existing shipyards. Streamlining repair processes, modernizing facilities, and investing in advanced technologies like AI and robotics can accelerate maintenance timelines and reduce costs.
Leadership and Culture
The emphasis on cultivating warfighting leaders is critical. As you noted, the Navy must identify and elevate officers who can think and act decisively in high-stakes environments. However, this cultural shift should also extend beyond leadership to include every sailor, including those with an interest in peace through strength. A Navy ready to face 21st-century challenges must foster innovation and adaptability at all levels.
Dale A. Jenkins, distinguished Staff Director of the Council on Foreign Relations, Senior Advisor for Americans for a Stronger Navy, and author of Diplomats and Admirals, has noted, “Leadership within the Navy must not only prioritize operational readiness but also inspire a culture of innovation and strategic foresight at every level of command.” His extensive experience underscores the necessity of aligning leadership reforms with strategic imperatives.
Dr. Steven Wills, Senior Advisor at the NAVALIST Center for Maritime Strategy and Senior Advisor for Americans for a Stronger Navy, reinforces this sentiment: “To meet the multifaceted challenges of the modern maritime domain, the Navy must embrace technological innovation and cultivate a culture prepared for high-intensity conflict.” His expertise highlights the importance of integrating advanced strategies with a focus on readiness.
Cybersecurity and Emerging Technologies
While your article focuses primarily on traditional maritime strategies, the increasing threat of cyber warfare cannot be ignored. My decades of experience in telecommunications and web technologies have demonstrated how adversaries exploit vulnerabilities in telecommunications and critical infrastructure to gain strategic advantages. A robust cybersecurity framework must be integrated into the Navy’s modernization plans, ensuring that new ships and systems are protected from digital threats. Additionally, emerging technologies like uncrewed systems and quantum sensing should play a prominent role in our maritime strategy.
Conclusion
I understand that many Americans feel overwhelmed by calls for urgent action on numerous fronts and are skeptical of government programs that promise change but fail to deliver. That is why it is essential to approach these efforts with a focus on accountability, transparency, and tangible benefits for the American people. By demonstrating clear progress and measurable outcomes, we can rebuild trust and show that investing in our maritime strength is an investment in our shared future.
Your article provides a vital roadmap for reinvigorating America’s maritime strength, but the implementation of these ideas will require a unified effort from policymakers, the Navy, industry leaders, and the American public. At Americans for a Stronger Navy, we are committed to fostering the public understanding and support necessary to drive these changes. Together, we can chart a course toward a stronger, more resilient Navy that is prepared to meet the challenges of today and tomorrow.
As the holiday season surrounds us with warmth, family, and gratitude, we want to take a moment to thank you for your steadfast support of Americans for a Stronger Navy.
This year has been a testament to the resilience and dedication of our sailors, their families, and all who work tirelessly to ensure the strength and readiness of our Navy. Your engagement, advocacy, and belief in our mission have made an incredible impact, and we are deeply grateful.
This Christmas, as we celebrate the joys of the season, let us also remember the brave men and women serving at sea and abroad. Their sacrifices ensure the peace and freedoms we hold dear.
From our family at StrongerNavy.org to yours, we wish you a Merry Christmas filled with love, laughter, and hope for the year ahead.
Fair Winds and Following Seas, Bill Cullifer Founder, Americans for a Stronger Navy
NATO Aircraft Carrier to Visit West Pacific France’s Charles de Gaulle Carrier Strike Group is scheduled to visit Japan in early 2025 during its Indo-Pacific deployment, with stops in Okinawa. This reflects NATO’s growing strategic focus on the region.
USS Savannah Makes Historic Cambodian Port Call The Littoral Combat Ship USS Savannah docked in Sihanoukville, Cambodia, from December 16–20, marking the first U.S. Navy port call in Cambodia in eight years.
USS Harry S. Truman Enters Middle East Waters The USS Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group transited the Suez Canal on December 15, bringing U.S. carrier presence back to the region after a month-long absence.
Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 151 Returns for Holidays The “Vigilantes” of Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 151 returned to Naval Air Station Lemoore on December 14 after a 5-month deployment in U.S. 7th and 5th Fleet areas.
U.S. Navy Tests Hypersonic Missile A successful test of the Common Hypersonic Glide Body showcased advancements in the Navy and Army’s hypersonic strike capabilities, achieving speeds at extended ranges.
U.S. Navy Awards Textron $106M for Mine Sweeping Technology A new contract for the Mine Sweeping Payload Delivery System aims to expand semi-autonomous mine-clearing operations, ensuring maritime security.
U.S. Navy’s Next-Gen Jammer Completes First Deployment Advanced electronic warfare systems, capable of disrupting enemy air defenses, completed their inaugural deployment with notable success.
New Constellation-Class Frigate Honors Female Naval Pioneer The USS Joy Bright Hancock (FFG 69) will commemorate one of the first female Navy officers and her trailblazing contributions to military gender integration.
U.S. Navy Intercepts Houthi Attacks in Gulf of Aden For the second time this month, destroyers USS Stockdale and USS O’Kane intercepted missiles and drones from Houthi forces in the Gulf of Aden.
Quantum Computing for Naval Applications The Navy explores quantum computing for tasks such as simulating war games, enabling secure communications, and solving maintenance challenges, aiming for transformative operational impacts.
Congress Allocates $5.7 Billion for Virginia-Class Submarines A stopgap funding bill includes significant investments for the Virginia-class program, emphasizing the importance of submarine force expansion.
U.S. Navy to Expand Constellation-Class Frigate Production To mitigate delays, the Navy considers adding a second shipyard to accelerate the production of these versatile surface combatants.
China Watch China Releases ‘Hit List’ Targeting U.S. Navy Systems The PLA published plans to target U.S. Navy carrier groups, including AEGIS vessels and E-2C Hawkeyes, by overwhelming electronic warfare systems.
Pentagon Warns of China’s Growing Naval Power. The People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) of China has significantly expanded its global reach over the past year, moving more frequently and in greater force beyond its regional waters. This growth is attributed to the ongoing development and deployment of advanced warships and logistics support vessels, which enable the PLAN to operate at greater distances from its home waters
Report: Despite Corruption Problems, China Progresses Toward Modernization The Defense Department today released the annual “Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China” report, a congressionally mandated annual report that offers insight into the capabilities, strategies and goals of China and its military.
China Conducts Largest Naval Drill in Decades Near Taiwan A massive PLA naval exercise, involving 100 ships, heightened regional tensions as unannounced drills continued close to Taiwan.
Satellite Image Shows Chinese Aircraft Carrier Near Vietnam’s Shores. A satellite image captured on Tuesday reveals a Chinese aircraft carrier operating in the contested South China Sea, close to Vietnam’s coastline.
Russia Watch Russia Disrupts Baltic Communications Russian forces have interfered with mobile and maritime communication in the Baltic Sea, testing NATO’s response and posing risks to shipping and energy supplies.
Russia’s Investment in Underwater Drones Increases Russia and other global powers advance unmanned undersea capabilities, focusing on drones capable of long-range and deep-sea operations.
Iran Watch Iran’s New Drone Corvette Operates Undetected The Shahid Bagheri drone corvette patrolled the Persian Gulf for weeks, showcasing Iran’s increasing maritime stealth capabilities.
U.S. Strikes Houthi Command Hub in Yemen Retaliatory strikes on a Houthi hub responsible for launching attacks in the Gulf of Aden emphasized the Navy’s commitment to regional security.
Upcoming Developments French Carrier Strike Group Deployment to Japan France’s Charles de Gaulle Carrier Strike Group will reinforce Indo-Pacific partnerships in early 2025 with planned stops in Okinawa.
U.S. Navy’s E-130J Aircraft Contract Announced A $3.5 billion contract for the E-130J “Doomsday Plane” will enhance nuclear command and control capabilities.
An F-35C Lightning II from the “Argonauts” Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 147 sits on the flight deck on Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70).
Now, in Part 3, we turn our attention to the future. The world of aerial combat is rapidly evolving with breakthroughs in drones, artificial intelligence, and hypersonic technology. The question before us: how do these advancements fit into the U.S. Navy’s strategy, and what role should the public play in shaping the future of defense?
Emerging Technologies: What’s Next for Aerial Combat?
The battlefield of the future is being shaped by cutting-edge technologies that promise to redefine the rules of engagement. Here are some key advancements poised to transform aerial combat:
Drones and Uncrewed Systems
Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) are revolutionizing military operations, offering cost-effective, stealthy solutions for surveillance and strikes.
Programs like the MQ-25 Stingray, designed for refueling and reconnaissance, demonstrate the Navy’s commitment to integrating drones into its operations.
However, drones cannot fully replace manned aircraft like the F-35. While they excel in certain missions, their limited autonomy and susceptibility to electronic warfare highlight the need for complementary systems.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
AI is enhancing decision-making on the battlefield, from targeting systems to predictive maintenance for aircraft.
The integration of AI with the F-35’s advanced sensor systems could further enhance its capabilities, making it an indispensable tool in contested environments.
Yet, the ethical and security implications of relying on AI demand careful consideration.
Hypersonic Technology
Hypersonic missiles and aircraft are reshaping global military strategies with their unmatched speed and maneuverability.
The U.S. Navy is investing heavily in hypersonics to maintain a competitive edge, but these advancements also require robust defense systems to counter similar developments by adversaries.
The Role of Public Engagement
The future of aerial combat is not just a matter for defense experts—it’s a conversation that requires active public participation. Here’s why your voice matters:
Accountability and Oversight: Defense programs like the F-35 involve significant taxpayer investments. Public scrutiny ensures these funds are used efficiently and transparently.
Shaping National Priorities: The public has a vital role in influencing decisions about where resources should be allocated—whether to traditional programs, emerging technologies, or a balanced combination of both.
Building Trust: A well-informed citizenry fosters trust in the military’s strategic decisions, strengthening national unity and support.
Balancing Innovation and Readiness
The future of aerial combat will require a delicate balance between embracing innovation and maintaining readiness. Programs like the F-35 exemplify this challenge. While critics point to cost overruns and delays, proponents highlight the aircraft’s unmatched capabilities and its role in deterring adversaries.
At the same time, emerging technologies like drones and AI offer new opportunities to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. The key lies in integrating these advancements without compromising the proven strengths of existing systems.
Call to Action: Your Role in Shaping the Future
As Americans for a Stronger Navy, our mission is to raise awareness and foster public engagement in these critical discussions. The future of aerial combat impacts not just our military but every citizen who benefits from the security it provides.
We invite you to:
Stay Informed: Follow our blog for updates on defense issues and emerging technologies.
Join the Conversation: Share your thoughts on the future of aerial combat and the role of programs like the F-35.
Advocate for Accountability: Support efforts to ensure transparency, efficiency, and strategic foresight in defense planning.
Together, we can ensure that America’s Navy remains not only stronger but also smarter and more prepared for the challenges ahead.
Welcome Back to Our Series on the F-35: A Closer Look at Defense Planning
Bill Cullifer, Founder
In the first article of this series, we explored the intense debate surrounding the F-35 program, diving into its groundbreaking capabilities, its criticisms, and its significance for the U.S. Navy. If you missed it, we encourage you to catch up by clicking here—it sets the stage for the deeper dive we’re taking today.
In this second installment, we’re peeling back the layers of what goes into planning and sustaining a program as complex as the F-35. From long-term strategic considerations to the technological, geopolitical, and logistical hurdles faced by planners and engineers, this article offers a behind-the-scenes look at the monumental efforts required to develop and maintain advanced military technology.
Here’s what you’ll find inside:
Strategic Planning: How the Navy balances current operational needs with future threats.
Technological Challenges: The complexities of integrating cutting-edge features into a carrier-based fighter.
Economic and Geopolitical Factors: The program’s impact on global alliances, jobs, and military readiness.
Transparency and Accountability: Why oversight and public engagement are critical to sustaining programs like the F-35.
This journey isn’t just about understanding the aircraft—it’s about appreciating the intricate process that ensures the U.S. Navy remains a global leader. So, let’s dive into the complexities of defense planning and explore why it’s so important for all Americans to stay informed and engaged.
Behind the Scenes of Defense Planning
Strategic Long-Term Planning
Planning for advanced defense technologies like the F-35C involves decades of conceptualization, funding, and rigorous testing. For the U.S. Navy, the decision to adopt the F-35C reflects a commitment to maintaining carrier-based air superiority in a rapidly evolving security environment. Designed specifically for aircraft carrier operations, the F-35C integrates seamlessly into the Navy’s long-term strategy, ensuring that its forces remain capable of operating in contested environments.
The Navy’s investment in the F-35C stems from a broader strategic need to modernize its air fleet while phasing out aging fourth-generation aircraft. This decision underscores the complexity of defense planning, which requires balancing current operational needs with anticipated future threats. As adversaries like China and Russia rapidly develop their military capabilities, platforms like the F-35C are essential to preserving the U.S.’s global dominance.
Technological Integration Challenges
The F-35C showcases the challenges of integrating cutting-edge technology into military operations. Unlike its Air Force and Marine counterparts, the Navy’s F-35 variant required extensive modifications to meet the unique demands of carrier-based operations. These include larger wings, foldable wingtips, and a sturdier undercarriage to withstand the harsh conditions of catapult launches and arrested landings. Additionally, the F-35C incorporates enhanced resistance to saltwater corrosion, a necessity for sustained operations at sea.
Despite its technological advancements, the F-35C program has faced significant hurdles, including cost overruns and delays. For example, the Technology Refresh-3 (TR-3) upgrade, intended to enhance the aircraft’s computing power, has been a source of frustration for the Navy. These challenges illustrate the iterative nature of developing and refining advanced military systems.
Geopolitical Considerations
The F-35C’s capabilities extend beyond its technical specifications. As a multi-role platform, it serves as a powerful deterrent to adversaries. The Navy’s reliance on the F-35C signals to nations like China that the U.S. is committed to maintaining its edge in contested regions, such as the South China Sea. The aircraft’s stealth, speed, and ability to conduct precision strikes make it an invaluable tool in both conventional and high-tech warfare scenarios.
Geopolitically, the F-35 program also strengthens alliances. With several allied nations incorporating F-35 variants into their air forces, interoperability becomes a strategic advantage. This network of F-35 operators ensures coordinated responses to shared threats, reinforcing collective security.
Economic and Logistical Complexities
The F-35 program’s economic impact is vast, supporting over 250,000 jobs in the United States alone. For the Navy, the decision to standardize on the F-35C reduces logistical burdens by consolidating multiple roles—air superiority, strike missions, ISR, and electronic warfare—into a single platform. However, this consolidation comes with risks, including higher upfront costs and the potential for system-wide vulnerabilities if issues arise.
Lockheed Martin, the primary contractor, has faced scrutiny over the program’s ballooning costs, now estimated at over $1 trillion for the lifecycle of the aircraft. Yet, these investments are seen as critical to maintaining the U.S.’s technological edge. The challenges of balancing cost-efficiency with operational effectiveness are central to the debate surrounding the F-35C.
Accountability and Oversight
Programs like the F-35 require robust oversight to ensure taxpayer dollars are spent effectively. The Navy’s commitment to transparency in addressing technical challenges and cost overruns reflects its dedication to accountability. Congressional involvement and independent audits play a crucial role in maintaining checks and balances.
Critics, including prominent figures like Elon Musk, have questioned the value of manned fighter jets in the age of drones and artificial intelligence. While such critiques highlight valid concerns, they often overlook the nuanced planning and strategic imperatives that shape programs like the F-35C.
Conclusion
The F-35C is more than just an aircraft—it is a testament to the complexity and ambition of modern defense planning. From its advanced technological features to its role in deterring adversaries and strengthening alliances, the F-35C embodies the challenges and opportunities of 21st-century warfare. By peeling back the layers of this program, we gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate decisions that ensure the U.S. Navy remains a global leader. As Americans, it is vital to stay informed and engaged in these conversations, recognizing the stakes involved in shaping the future of our national defense.
Enhancing Insights with Industry Expertise
Adding context to this discussion, Booz Allen Hamilton’s contributions to the F-35 program highlight the depth of planning involved. By delivering innovative cost-reduction strategies and boosting readiness, Booz Allen’s work underscores the collaborative efforts required to optimize complex defense systems. Their introduction of advanced analytics tools like the Opus lifecycle management suite has driven $5 billion in cost savings, exemplifying how public-private partnerships can refine the program’s efficiency without compromising mission capability.
For example, Booz Allen played a pivotal role in implementing new external coatings and canopy improvements to reduce sustainment costs. These enhancements, coupled with advanced maintenance protocols, are projected to save billions over the program’s lifecycle while boosting readiness.
The integration of technical advancements, such as the F-35’s new external coatings and streamlined maintenance protocols, further demonstrates the ongoing evolution of the platform. These efforts ensure the F-35 remains a cornerstone of U.S. military airpower while addressing concerns about affordability and sustainability.
Public Engagement and Advocacy
At Americans for a Stronger Navy, we believe an informed public is essential to ensuring a strong, transparent, and cost-effective Navy. By highlighting the complexities and achievements of the F-35C program, we aim to empower citizens to engage in discussions about defense priorities. Together, we can advocate for a Navy that reflects the values and vision of the American people while ensuring fiscal responsibility and strategic effectiveness.
As the United States bolsters its defenses in Guam with historic ballistic missile intercept tests, tensions in the South China Sea underscore the broader challenges of maintaining peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. These two theaters of strategic importance—Guam and the South China Sea—illustrate the high stakes of countering China’s growing military influence.
A Milestone for Guam’s Defense
This week, the U.S. achieved a critical milestone by successfully intercepting a ballistic missile over Guam for the first time. Utilizing the RIM-161 Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) Block IIA, fired from the advanced Aegis Guam System, this landmark test demonstrates the U.S. military’s ability to defend one of its most strategically vital outposts in the Pacific. Rear Admiral Greg Huffman described the achievement as a “critical milestone,” signaling the readiness of Guam’s defenses amid evolving threats.
Guam’s geographic significance cannot be overstated. Serving as a key hub for American military operations, the island is within range of China’s advanced missile systems, including the DF-26, nicknamed the “Guam Express.” This underscores the urgency of ensuring robust defensive measures for the island, a critical component of the U.S. Pacific Deterrence Initiative.
Parallels in the South China Sea
Meanwhile, in the South China Sea, tensions between China and neighboring nations like the Philippines are approaching a boiling point. The Philippines recently intensified its defense posture, signing agreements with the U.S. for intelligence sharing and deploying advanced missile systems. This deepening U.S.-Philippines partnership is seen as a counterbalance to China’s aggressive territorial claims and military expansion in the region.
China’s construction of military bases on disputed islands and its restriction of access to fishing and energy resources have disrupted regional stability. Filipino fishermen report daily harassment by Chinese vessels, and the country’s energy projects remain stalled due to interference in areas like Reed Bank.
As highlighted in a recent discussion among experts, the Philippines’ moves—though defensive—are seen by Beijing as provocative. One analyst remarked, “The introduction of missile systems in collaboration with external forces creates tension and provokes an arms race in the region.” Despite these criticisms, others argue that bolstering the Philippines’ defenses is necessary to counter China’s aggressive posture.
The Broader U.S. Strategy
The situation in Guam and the South China Sea reflects a broader U.S. strategy of strengthening alliances and military readiness in the Indo-Pacific. By enhancing Guam’s defenses and supporting partners like the Philippines, the U.S. aims to deter aggression and maintain a free and open region. However, these efforts also raise questions about the risks of escalation.
Critics warn that the U.S. approach may be perceived as containment, exacerbating tensions with China. As one observer noted, “The U.S. has placed missiles in forward positions, which China views as aggressive, rather than purely defensive.”
A Precarious Balance
The stories of Guam and the South China Sea demonstrate the complexities of ensuring regional security. While advancements like the Aegis Guam System and U.S.-Philippines military cooperation are essential steps, they also highlight the challenges of managing perceptions and avoiding escalation.
As the Indo-Pacific faces mounting threats, the U.S. and its allies must navigate a precarious balance, strengthening defenses while fostering dialogue and cooperation to prevent conflict.
Conclusion: Strength Through Unity and Preparedness
The recent developments in Guam and the South China Sea highlight the critical need for robust defenses and strategic partnerships to ensure peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific. Guam’s successful missile intercept test marks a significant step in fortifying U.S. military capabilities, while the deepening U.S.-Philippines alliance underscores the importance of standing together against evolving threats.
As the founder of Americans for a Stronger Navy, I believe these efforts demonstrate the value of a well-prepared and adaptable naval force. A stronger Navy is not just about defending our shores—it’s about safeguarding our allies, protecting vital economic interests, and ensuring freedom of navigation in contested waters like the South China Sea. The challenges we face require collective resolve, strategic investments, and public support to maintain a free and open Indo-Pacific for generations to come.
Let us rally behind the mission of a stronger Navy, recognizing that peace is best preserved through preparedness and unity. Together, we can ensure that the U.S. Navy remains a force for stability, strength, and global security.
