Category: Cybersecurity

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When Army and Navy plays America wins

An open letter to America from Americans for a Stronger Navy

About Me

As the founder of Americans for a Stronger Navy and a former member of the United States Navy, I have witnessed firsthand the profound impact that the Navy has on individuals, communities, and our nation. My experience in the Navy was not merely a commitment of time; it profoundly deepened my appreciation and respect for the dedication and sacrifice of those who serve and significantly reshaped my worldview.

Serving in the Navy, I learned the importance of self-discipline, collaborating effectively with others, and adaptability. These values, along with fair play, were not mere abstract concepts but daily practices that guided us through challenging times. They fostered in me a newly found appreciation for the value of unity and respect for tradition.

The sense of shared purpose and my commitment to these values, experienced during my service in the Navy, have been compelling reasons for establishing Americans for a Stronger Navy. This initiative is crucial in addressing the need to advocate for and strengthen our naval forces amidst rising global threats and the safeguarding of critical infrastructure.

About Americans for a Stronger Navy

This organization is not just an education foundation and advocacy group; it is a tribute to the men and women who have served and continue to serve in our Navy. It represents our collective effort to ensure that our Navy remains strong, not just in terms of military might, but as a beacon of hope, freedom, and peace through strength.

We support and promote the Navy’s values and achievements, and encourage people to join or volunteer to support the Navy. We also educate and inform the public about the importance and relevance of the Navy and its role in the world. We believe that a strong Navy is essential for our national security, our global leadership, and our prosperity.

About the Army-Navy Game

The Army-Navy game, an event I hold dear, encapsulates these values and traditions. It’s more than a game; it’s a celebration of our military’s spirit and dedication. As I watched this year’s game, I was reminded of my days in the Navy, the sense of pride and the responsibility it entailed. This game is a vivid representation of the excellence, discipline, and teamwork cultivated in our service members, traits that are essential both on and off the field.

As we reflect on the Army-Navy game of 2023, set against the backdrop of significant historical milestones and current national achievements, it’s a reminder of the enduring legacy and relevance of our naval service. This game, and our ongoing efforts, are not just about supporting the Navy; they are about upholding the values that define us as a nation and as individuals committed to cause greater than ourselves.

The Army-Navy Game 2023: A Win for Both Teams and for America

Dear America,

We are Americans for a Stronger Navy, a group that advocates for a robust U.S. Navy, and believes in peace through strength. We are writing to you today to share our perspective and insights on the Army-Navy game 2023, and to congratulate both teams for a great game.

The game was also a close and exciting one, with both teams showing their skills and spirit. The final score was Army 17, Navy 11. We are proud of our service members and their performance and achievements in the game. We respect and appreciate the players and the teams, and their values and ethics. We thank everyone who supported and cheered for our sailors and soldiers, and we look forward to the next game in 2024.

The game was also a win for the spirit and tradition of the Army-Navy game, as it reflects the values and culture of the military academies and the armed forces. The game is more than just a sporting event, it is a symbol of the honor and duty that the Navy and the Army uphold and embody. It is also a testament to the sportsmanship, the sense of community, and the pride that the Navy and the Army share and inspire.

One of the most touching and inspiring moments of the game was the tradition of singing the alma mater of both schools at the end of the game, and how it showed sportsmanship and unity among the players and the fans.

The tradition also shows the resilience and determination of the players and the teams, who faced many challenges and difficulties during the pandemic, such as limited practice time, frequent testing, and strict protocols. As former Army coach Bob Sutton said, “They’ve gone through more than any other team in America to play this game. They’ve had to do things that most of us can’t even imagine. And yet they’ve done it with such class and such dignity.”

The game also shows the modernization and innovation of the Navy and the Army, and how they are working together to achieve a common goal, and how they are leveraging the latest technology and innovation to enhance their capabilities and performance. The game also shows how the Navy and the Army are collaborating with our allies and partners, and how they are contributing to our national security, our global leadership, and our prosperity.

One of the most exciting and promising developments in this regard is the Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) concept, which the Department of Defense has developed to connect sensors from all branches of the military into a unified network powered by artificial intelligence JADC2 is intended to provide the warfighting capability to sense, make sense, and act at all levels and phases of war, across all domains, and with partners, to deliver information advantage at the speed of relevance.

JADC2 is a game-changer for the Navy and the Army, as it will enable them to operate more effectively and efficiently in all operational domains, across echelons, and with our mission partners. JADC2 will also allow them to use automation, artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and machine learning to improve their decision making and performance in the game and in the battlefield.

The Department of Defense has recently released the JADC2 Implementation Plan, which outlines the vision, goals, objectives, and actions for achieving JADC2 by 2028 . The plan also describes the JADC2 strategy, which consists of four lines of effort: developing joint warfighting concepts and processes, delivering joint network and transport capabilities, integrating joint fires and effects, and advancing joint information advantage.

The Navy and the Army are actively involved in the JADC2 efforts, and have demonstrated their commitment and readiness to implement the JADC2 concept. For example, the Navy has conducted several experiments and exercises to test and evaluate its JADC2 capabilities, such as the Project Overmatch, the Trident Warrior, and the Valiant Shield. The Army has also conducted several experiments and exercises to test and evaluate its JADC2 capabilities, such as the Project Convergence, the Joint Warfighting Assessment, and the Defender Europe.

We are impressed and inspired by the Navy and the Army’s JADC2 achievements, and we are confident that they will continue to lead and excel in this domain. We believe that JADC2 is not only a vital component of our national defense, but also a reflection of our national values and identity. JADC2 represents our ability to join forces across all domains and with allies, and to use the best of our technology and innovation to protect and advance our interests and ideals.

We hope that you are as excited and proud of the Navy and the Army’s JADC2 efforts as we are. We hope that you will join us in supporting and cheering for the Navy and the Army in the next game, and in the future. We hope that you will also consider donating or volunteering for the Navy or the Army, or joining or recommending the Navy or the Army as a career option. We hope that you will also recognize and appreciate the impact and benefits of JADC2 for the Navy and the nation, and how it showcases the strength and excellence of the naval service.

We are Americans for a Stronger Navy, and we believe in peace through strength. We are proud of our Navy, and we are proud of our country. Go Navy, Beat Army!

Sincerely, Bill

Founder, Americans for a Stronger Navy

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Fleet Forward: Charting Tomorrow’s Navy: Episode 2: The Budgetary Challenge of Naval Shipbuilding

Bill Cullifer, Founder

Welcome back to Fleet Forward: Charting Tomorrow’s Navy, a podcast series that explores the challenges and opportunities facing the US Navy in the 21st century. 

With this series, inspired by our shared values and patriotic spirit, we aim to complement our upcoming December podcast series ‘Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power’

In the previous episode, we introduced the series and explained why we decided to create it. We also discussed the format and the content of the series, and how we hope to provide you with insightful and informative analysis and commentary on the issues and trends that shape the Navy’s present and future.

The Budgetary Challenge of Naval Shipbuilding

In this episode, we will focus on one of the most important and contentious issues facing the Navy: the budgetary challenge of naval shipbuilding. How much does it cost to build a Navy? How do we balance the need for a larger and more capable fleet with the reality of fiscal constraints and competing priorities? How do we ensure that our naval force is ready and relevant for the 21st century?

These are some of the questions that we will explore in this episode, as we examine the Navy’s shipbuilding plan for fiscal year 2024, which presents three alternatives for the future fleet, each with different costs and capabilities. We will also explore how the Congressional Budget Office and Brent Sadler have critiqued the Navy’s plan and offered alternative perspectives on how to optimize the Navy’s budget and capabilities. We will also delve into the stories and people behind the Navy’s shipbuilding strategies, and reflect on their implications for our national security, economic vitality, and our role on the global stage. 

The Stakeholders and Perspectives of Naval Strategy

Today we ’ll not only delve into the Navy’s shipbuilding strategies but also the stories and people behind them, reflecting on our national security, economic vitality, and our role on the global stage.

Introduction

In this episode, we will examine the fiscal landscape of naval procurement, focusing on the budgetary challenges and trade-offs that the Navy faces in pursuing its shipbuilding plans. We will also explore how the CBO and Sandler have critiqued the Navy’s strategies and offered alternative perspectives on how to optimize the Navy’s budget and capabilities.

The Navy’s Shipbuilding Budget

The Navy’s shipbuilding budget is the primary source of funding for acquiring new ships and maintaining the existing fleet. The budget is determined by the Navy’s long-term shipbuilding plan, which outlines the desired size, composition, and capabilities of the future fleet, as well as the projected costs and schedules for each ship class. The plan is updated annually and submitted to Congress as part of the President’s budget request.

The current shipbuilding plan, released in December 2022, covers the period from 2023 to 2052 and aims to achieve a fleet of 355 ships by 2035 and 400 ships by 2052. The plan also introduces the DDG(X) program, which is intended to replace the aging Arleigh Burke-class destroyers with a more advanced and capable design. The plan estimates that the Navy will need an average of $33 billion per year (in 2022 dollars) for shipbuilding over the next 30 years, which is 50 percent more than the historical average of $22 billion per year over the past 30 years.

The CBO’s Analysis of the Navy’s Shipbuilding Plan

The CBO, an independent and nonpartisan agency that provides budgetary and economic analysis to Congress, has conducted a detailed assessment of the Navy’s shipbuilding plan and its implications for the federal budget and the Navy’s capabilities. The CBO’s report, released in October 2023, raises several issues and challenges with the plan, such as:

•  The plan’s cost estimates are optimistic and likely to increase over time, due to factors such as inflation, technical risks, and schedule delays. The CBO projects that the plan will actually cost an average of $40 billion per year (in 2022 dollars) for shipbuilding over the next 30 years, which is 21 percent more than the Navy’s estimate and 82 percent more than the historical average.

•  The plan’s funding requirements are unsustainable and unrealistic, given the competing demands and constraints on the federal budget. The CBO estimates that the plan will consume an average of 13 percent of the total defense budget over the next 30 years, which is significantly higher than the historical average of 9 percent. The plan will also require increasing the Navy’s share of the defense budget from 28 percent in 2022 to 34 percent in 2052, which will likely entail reducing the funding for other military services or increasing the overall defense budget.

•  The plan’s fleet size and composition goals are ambitious and questionable, given the operational and strategic environment. The CBO questions the rationale and feasibility of achieving a 400-ship fleet by 2052, which would be the largest fleet since the end of World War II. The CBO also suggests that the plan may not adequately account for the changing nature of naval warfare and the emergence of new threats and technologies, such as cyberattacks, hypersonic weapons, and unmanned systems.

The CBO’s report concludes that the Navy’s shipbuilding plan is not a viable or effective strategy for meeting the nation’s naval needs and recommends that the Navy and Congress reconsider the plan’s assumptions, objectives, and priorities. The CBO also offers some alternative shipbuilding scenarios that would achieve different fleet sizes and compositions at lower costs than the Navy’s plan.

Sandler’s Critique of the Navy’s Shipbuilding Plan

Sandler, a former U.S. Naval Captain and author of U.S. Power in the 21st Century, has also published a blog post in November 2023, criticizing the Navy’s shipbuilding plan and proposing a different approach to naval strategy and shipbuilding. Sandler’s main arguments are:

•  The Navy’s shipbuilding plan is based on a flawed and outdated paradigm of naval power, which emphasizes quantity over quality, platforms over payloads, and conventional over asymmetric warfare. Sandler argues that the Navy is stuck in a Cold War mentality and fails to adapt to the changing realities and challenges of the 21st century, such as the rise of China, the proliferation of anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) capabilities, and the diffusion of power and influence.

•  The Navy’s shipbuilding plan is wasteful and inefficient, as it invests in expensive and vulnerable ships that are not suited for the current and future threat environment. Sandler singles out the DDG(X) program as an example of a misguided and unnecessary project, which he calls a “gold-plated boondoggle” that will cost billions of dollars and provide marginal benefits. Sandler contends that the DDG(X) is a redundant and obsolete design that will be outmatched by cheaper and more effective weapons and systems, such as missiles, drones, and submarines.

•  The Navy’s shipbuilding plan is counterproductive and dangerous, as it provokes and escalates tensions with potential adversaries, especially China, and undermines the stability and security of the international order. Sandler warns that the Navy’s pursuit of a 400-ship fleet and the DDG(X) program will trigger a naval arms race and increase the risk of conflict and miscalculation in the Indo-Pacific region. Sandler also cautions that the Navy’s plan will alienate and weaken the U.S.’s allies and partners, who may not share the same vision or interests as the U.S. and may not be willing or able to contribute to the Navy’s ambitious and costly goals.

Sandler’s blog post concludes that the Navy’s shipbuilding plan is a strategic blunder and a fiscal disaster that will undermine the U.S.’s naval power and global leadership. Sandler advocates for a radical shift in the Navy’s mindset and approach, which he calls “smart power”. Sandler’s smart power concept is based on four principles:

•  Quality over quantity: The Navy should focus on developing and acquiring fewer but more capable and versatile ships that can deliver multiple effects and missions across the spectrum of conflict.

•  Payloads over platforms: The Navy should prioritize investing in and deploying advanced and adaptable weapons and systems, such as missiles, drones, and cyber capabilities, that can enhance the lethality and survivability of the existing and future fleet.

•  Asymmetric over conventional warfare: The Navy should embrace and exploit the opportunities and advantages of asymmetric warfare, such as stealth, speed, deception, and innovation, that can offset and counter the A2/AD capabilities of potential adversaries.

•  Cooperation over competition: The Navy should seek and strengthen cooperation and coordination with the U.S.’s allies and partners, as well as engage and deter potential adversaries, through diplomacy, deterrence, and dialogue, rather than confrontation, coercion, and conflict.

Conclusion

In this episode, we have explored the fiscal landscape of naval procurement and the budgetary challenges and trade-offs that the Navy faces in pursuing its shipbuilding plans. We have also examined how the CBO and Sandler have critiqued the Navy’s strategies and offered alternative perspectives on how to optimize the Navy’s budget and capabilities. In the next episode, we will delve into the technological advancements and design considerations in modern shipbuilding, with a spotlight on the DDG(X) program. Stay tuned for more insights and analyses on the Navy’s path forward.

sources 

https://www.cbo.gov/publication/59708

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Zero-Trust Cybersecurity: How the US Military Plans to Protect Its Networks from Cyberattacks

Us Navy Cyber Command

Hello and welcome to the Americans for a Stronger Navy, a non-profit organization that promotes naval warfare and technology. We are a community of naval enthusiasts, experts, and advocates who share a common passion and vision for the US Navy and its allies.

We believe that the US Navy is the most powerful and versatile naval force in the world, and that it plays a vital role in maintaining global peace and security.

We also believe that the US Navy needs to constantly innovate and modernize its capabilities and systems to keep up with the evolving threats and challenges in the 21st century. Today’s blog post includes a recent announcement from the Pentagon regarding Cybersecurity.

The US military is preparing to adopt a zero-trust approach to cybersecurity, which means that no user, device, or system is trusted by default and must be continuously verified.

This is a radical departure from the conventional methods that rely on perimeter-based defenses. Pentagon Chief Information Officer John Sherman announced that the Pentagon leadership will soon evaluate plans to implement zero-trust measures throughout the US military by the end of this year.

The plans are being developed by a specialized team led by Randy Resnick, the director of the zero-trust portfolio management office. Sherman said that this is a crucial step to address the growing and evolving cyber threats that the US military faces in 2023 and beyond.

This piece was written by Rizwan Choudhury and published on Interesting Engineering.

Why does this matter?

This news is important for the members and subscribers to the Americans for a Stronger Navy and why Americans should care because it shows that the US military is taking proactive and innovative steps to protect its digital and physical infrastructure from cyberattacks. Cybersecurity is a vital component of naval warfare and technology, as it affects the communication, command, control, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities of the US Navy and its allies. A zero-trust approach can help the US Navy achieve its mission of maintaining maritime superiority, deterring aggression, and winning wars. It can also help the US Navy collaborate with other services, agencies, industry, academia, and partners to leverage the best practices and innovations in AI and related technologies.
Some other sources for this news are:
• DOD Releases Path to Cyber Security Through Zero Trust Architecture , which describes how the Defense Department plans to move beyond traditional network security methods to achieve reduced network attack surfaces, enable risk management and effective data-sharing in partnership environments, and contain and remediate adversary activities over the next five years.
• CISA Releases updated Zero Trust Maturity Model , which provides guidance for federal agencies on how to assess and improve their progress toward a zero trust architecture in support of the National Cybersecurity Strategy.
• 5 areas where zero trust can’t protect your organization , which highlights some of the potential blind spots and challenges that organizations may face when implementing a zero trust model, such as unmonitored IoT devices or third-party systems.

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How China’s Hacking of Navy Systems Threatens America’s Security


U.S. Fleet Cyber Command

Introduction:

China has been conducting aggressive cyber operations to steal sensitive data and disrupt critical communications infrastructure of the United States and its allies.

Recently, Chinese-backed hackers breached technology systems belonging to the U.S. Navy, targeting its assets on Guam, a strategic island in the Pacific.

This blog post will explain what we know about this hack, why it matters for America’s security and peace through strength, and what we can do to protect ourselves from such threats.

Americans for a Stronger Navy is a community-driven and membership-supported organization that advocates for policies and legislation that support the Navy’s ability to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing global security environment.

We believe that a strong and capable U.S. Navy is essential for protecting America’s interests and ensuring peace through strength. Join us today and help us promote a stronger navy for a safer world.

Summary:

The hack was carried out by a group called Volt Typhoon, which used legitimate credentials and small-office routers to gain access to the systems.

The hackers aimed to develop capabilities that could disrupt communications between the United States and Asia in a crisis. The Navy confirmed that it was impacted by the hack, but did not reveal the extent of the damage.

The United States and its allies issued a joint advisory on how to detect and prevent similar intrusions.

In this blog post, we will answer the following questions:

Who is behind the hack? A brief overview of the group’s history, motives, and techniques.

What was affected by the hack? A description of the infrastructure and sectors targeted by the hack, especially the Navy’s assets on Guam and their importance for regional security.

What’s being done to prevent or respond to the hack? A summary of the responses and actions taken by the United States and its allies, including Microsoft, the Five Eyes intelligence sharing organization, and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.

Answers

Who is behind the hack? The hack was carried out by a group called Volt Typhoon, which is believed to be a state-sponsored actor based in China that typically focuses on espionage and information gathering.

The group has been active since at least 2021 and has targeted critical infrastructure organizations in Guam and elsewhere in the United States. Volt Typhoon uses legitimate credentials and small-office routers to gain access to the systems, disguising their origin and activity.

They also use custom versions of open-source tools to establish a command and control channel over proxy. The Chinese government has denied any involvement in the hack, calling it a “collective disinformation campaign” by the United States and its allies.

What was affected by the hack? The hack targeted key infrastructure like communications, electric and gas utilities, manufacturing, transportation, construction, maritime, government, information technology, and education sectors. The hackers aimed to develop capabilities that could disrupt critical communications infrastructure between the United States and Asia region during future crises.

One of the main targets was the U.S. Navy’s infrastructure on Guam, a strategic island in the Pacific that hosts several military installations, including B-52 bombers and submarines. Guam is a vital part of the U.S. military’s strategy in the region, as it provides access to resources and markets, protects sea lanes of communication, and supports humanitarian aid in times of crisis.

What’s being done to prevent or respond to the hack?

  • Microsoft was the first to report on the hack and identify Volt Typhoon as the perpetrator.
  • Microsoft contacted all groups affected by the hack and provided guidance on how to detect and mitigate this malicious activity
  • The cybersecurity agencies of the Five Eyes member nations (the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) issued a joint advisory on how to prevent or respond to similar intrusions.
  • One of the agencies involved in issuing the advisory was the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), which also published a statement highlighting China’s continued use of sophisticated means to target America’s critical infrastructure. CISA director Jen Easterly said in a statement:

“For years, China has conducted aggressive cyber operations to steal intellectual property and sensitive data from organizations around the globe. Today’s advisory highlights China’s continued use of sophisticated means to target our nation’s critical infrastructure, and it gives network defenders important insights into how to detect and mitigate this malicious activity.” – CISA director Jen Easterly

  • The advisory contains a hunting guide for the tactics, techniques, and procedures used by Volt Typhoon.
  • The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) also published a statement highlighting China’s continued use of sophisticated means to target America’s critical infrastructure. CISA urged network defenders to implement best practices such as patching vulnerabilities, enforcing strong passwords, monitoring network activity, and reporting incidents.

Key takeaways:

  • China is pursuing cyber warfare as a means of challenging America’s interests and influence in the Asia-Pacific region.
  • The hack exposed vulnerabilities in America’s communications systems and naval infrastructure, which could have serious consequences in a conflict scenario.
  • The United States needs to invest more in strengthening its cyber defenses and resilience, as well as enhancing its naval capabilities and readiness.

Conclusion:

The hack by Volt Typhoon is a wake-up call for America and its allies to take China’s cyber threats seriously.

A strong and capable U.S. Navy is essential for protecting America’s security and ensuring peace through strength. Americans for a Stronger Navy is a community-driven and membership-supported organization that advocates for policies and legislation that support the Navy’s ability to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing global security environment.

Join us today and help us promote a stronger navy for a safer world.

Sources:1: https://strongernavy.org/2: https://www.wionews.com/world/explained-everything-about-volt-typhoon-china-backed-hackers-targeting-critical-us-infrastructure-5962633: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/05/24/volt-typhoon-targets-us-critical-infrastructure-with-living-off-the-land-techniques/4: https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/24/microsoft-warns-that-china-hackers-attacked-us-infrastructure.html
: https://www.reuters.com/technology/what-is-volt-typhoon-alleged-china-backed-hacking-group-2023-05-25/

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Defending the Defenders: How the Navy and Allies are Responding to Chinese Cyber Threats

Introduction

In an era of rapidly evolving digital landscapes, cybersecurity is not only a private concern but a national defense priority. The American infrastructure recently faced an audacious cyber attack, with the U.S. Navy being one of the primary targets. How we respond to these invasions is critical to the future of our nation’s security and the strength of our Navy. It is imperative, now more than ever, for us to comprehend these challenges and stand united to support and protect our nation’s defenders.

Summary

This article delves into a recent cyber attack where Chinese-backed hackers targeted the U.S. Navy’s technology systems, seeking to disrupt critical communications. It focuses on the facts surrounding this breach, who is behind it, the affected areas, and the necessary steps being taken to prevent such incidents in the future.

Chinese Cyberattack: A Wake-up Call

Reports confirmed that hackers supported by China had successfully breached American infrastructure, including vital technology systems belonging to the U.S. Navy. The hackers’ aim was to disrupt crucial communication lines between the United States and Asia during potential crises. This was first reported by technology giant Microsoft, which attributed the hacking operation to a China-based group, Volt Typhoon.

Who is Pulling the Strings?

Microsoft identified the perpetrators as Volt Typhoon with “moderate confidence.” This group is a state-sponsored actor based in China that specializes in espionage and information gathering and has been active since at least 2021. The hackers employed legitimate credentials and small-office routers to infiltrate the systems, an approach known as “living off the land”. This audacious attack led to the breach of the U.S. Navy infrastructure on Guam, home to several crucial military installations.

The Scope of the Impact

The full extent of the breach is currently unclear, but the targets included several sectors such as communication, manufacturing, utility, transportation, construction, maritime, government, IT, and education. Secretary of the Navy Carlos Del Toro confirmed that the Navy was impacted by the hack, without disclosing further details. However, he expressed that China’s initiation of such a cyber attack was “no surprise”.

Key Takeaways

This attack is not an isolated incident, but rather part of a larger pattern of aggressive cyber operations by China, aiming to pilfer intellectual property and sensitive data. It is a wake-up call that highlights the persistent threat our nation’s critical infrastructure faces and provides insights into the sophisticated methods used by these malicious actors.

Taking Measures Against the Threat

In response to this attack, Microsoft has reached out to all groups affected. Additionally, cybersecurity agencies from the Five Eyes member nations have issued a joint advisory on the hack, outlining several preventive steps against such “living off the land” style intrusions.

Conclusion

As we sail through these uncharted waters of digital threats, it is crucial to stand united in support of the strength and security of our Navy. We must stay informed, vigilant, and proactive in understanding the nuances of these cyber threats, their implications, and the protective measures necessary to safeguard our nation’s assets. As a society, we can contribute to this mission by educating ourselves and raising awareness about the significance of cybersecurity in national defense, thus bolstering the resiliency of our Navy, and by extension, our nation.