Welcome to ‘Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power’.
In this insightful episode, we have the honor of featuring Dr. Bruce Jones, a distinguished expert from the Talbot Center on Security, Strategy, and Technology, and the Center on East Asia Policy. Dr. Jones, known for his acclaimed work ‘To Rule the Waves’, brings a wealth of knowledge to our discussion on the critical issues shaping maritime power in our rapidly evolving global landscape.
Join us as we continue ‘Charting the Course’ for American Naval Power, exploring how maritime trade and security are pivotal in shaping the world order.”
In our dynamic global environment, we explore pressing questions:
Are we entering a new era of maritime power struggles due to climate change and intensified sea-based globalization?
What constitutes ‘ruling the waves’ in terms of maritime shipping dominance? How are factors like ship ownership, port control, and trade flow interconnected?
Dr. Jones discusses the vulnerability of container-based supply chains. Can he provide a specific incident of piracy or disruption that caused substantial economic impact?
What emerging threats, such as cyberattacks, climate disruptions, and political instability, are facing container shipping, and how can the US Navy and other stakeholders respond?
How will technological advancements like automation and AI reshape the future of container shipping, and what are the implications for efficiency, security, and workforce dynamics?
What is the current state of global trade, naval power, and the impact of climate change on oceans? What challenges and implications do these trends pose for the future world order?
Finally, how does the history of maritime trade and power mirror the patterns of post–Cold War globalization, with historical examples to support this relation?
The Philippine and US Navy have initiated high-stakes joint maritime drills in the South China Sea, as regional tensions with China continue to escalate. This marks a significant step in defense cooperation between the two nations.
Joint Maritime Exercise Details
The drills, starting on January 3, 2024, are the second such exercise in less than two months, highlighting the increasing frequency and intensity of military cooperation in the face of Chinese assertiveness in the region. Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has been actively strengthening defense ties with the US, as well as other allies like Japan and Australia, in response to China’s expansive claims over the South China Sea.
NHK World-Japan has confirmed that the Philippines and the United States began a two-day joint patrol in the South China Sea, underscoring the ongoing dispute in the region.
The Japan Times has reported that China conducted navy and air force patrols in the South China Sea, coinciding with the maritime drills by the U.S. and the Philippines in the same
China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi has expressed concerns over these developments, indicating “serious difficulties” in Beijing-Manila relations. The exercises included a variety of naval maneuvers and operations, involving multiple vessels and aircraft from both nations, aimed at enhancing interoperability and sending a strong message about the commitment to a rules-based international order and a free and open Indo-Pacific region.
Takeaways
Increased Frequency of Drills: The recent exercises underscore a growing pattern of joint military operations in the region.
Strengthening Alliances: The Philippines is actively enhancing defense relations with the US and other regional powers.
China’s Reaction: China’s response to these drills indicates a growing concern and potential diplomatic strain with the Philippines.
Focus on a Rules-based Order: The drills are a clear message to uphold international maritime laws and freedom of navigation in the contested waters.
The joint maritime exercises between the Philippines and the US represent a significant development in regional defense dynamics. They not only demonstrate the robustness of the Philippine-US alliance but also signify a broader commitment to maintaining stability and a rules-based order in the South China Sea amidst rising tensions.
A year ago, this month, the Americans for a Stronger Navy was launched with the goal of advocating for a stronger US Navy.
Recognizing the threats facing our nation, from system infiltrations to challenges in global maritime dominance, I launched this initiative not just as a response, but as a proactive movement towards fortifying our Naval capabilities.
My Motivation:
China. I’m not going to lie.
Instead of just looking back at past achievements or complaining about current issues, or even just sitting back in complacency, I decided to take action. This meant using my skills in web technologies, tapping into available resources, and bringing my community-building experience to the forefront. I reached out to others who shared this vision for a stronger navy, essential for our national defense, economic stability, and maintaining global influence. The response? It’s been super positive, confirming that there’s a wide belief in the importance of a powerful US Naval force.
Expansion Needs: Our navy requires more ships to meet growing global challenges.
Innovation and Technology: The navy needs to invest in research and development of new technologies, such as unmanned systems, hypersonic weapons, artificial intelligence, and cyber warfare, to maintain its edge over potential adversaries and enhance its warfighting effectiveness.
Infrastructure Development: There’s a critical need for more and improved shipyards to support our expanding fleet.
Personnel Growth: Recruiting more sailors is essential to man our growing fleet and maintain operational readiness.
Partnerships and Alliances: The navy needs to strengthen its partnerships and alliances with other countries and organizations that share its interests and values, such as NATO, Japan, Australia, India, and others. Partnerships and alliances enhance the navy’s global presence, deterrence, and interoperability, and provide access to critical resources and infrastructure.
Education and Training Enhancement: Emphasizing STEM and Career Technical Education to equip our personnel with the necessary skills for future challenges.
To reconnect with old friends and acquaint myself with new ones.
To be a part of a community of like minded individuals.
In all of these efforts, the underlying drive is a deep-seated belief in service and dedication to our nation’s maritime strength.
This sentiment is perfectly encapsulated by President John F. Kennedy, who once said, ‘I can imagine no more rewarding a career. And any man who may be asked in this century what he did to make his life worthwhile, I think can respond with a good deal of pride and satisfaction: ‘I served in the United States Navy.
Peace through Strength
National Defense: A formidable navy is essential for defending our nation and deterring adversaries.
Economic Security: Protecting sea lanes ensures uninterrupted trade and access to global resources.
Global Influence: A strong Navy is crucial for humanitarian aid and maintaining our status as a global superpower.
If we desire to avoid insult, we must be able to repel it; if we desire to secure peace, one of the most powerful instruments of our rising prosperity, it must be known, that we are at all times ready for War.” – George Washington
Community-Driven and Member-Supported:
Americans for a Stronger Navy is more than a movement; it’s a community of dedicated individuals advocating for policies and resources to bolster the Navy’s capabilities.
In our first year, we’ve made significant strides towards these goals, driven by the philosophy of “peace through strength.” Our initiatives, supported by our esteemed advisors, members, supporters and friends reflect our commitment to a future where a strong and capable Navy safeguards America’s interests and contributes to a peaceful, stable world.
Rich Content and Interactive Engagement
In 2023, our website continued its advocacy for a formidable Navy, covering a range of topics from and enriching our community’s knowledge:
China News Watch, Russia News Watch, Cybersecurity, Global News Watch, In Memoriam, Industry Watch, Naval Aviation, Naval History, Naval Technology, Navy Family, Navy Specialties, Navy Weeks, Newsletter, U.S Navy New, Service Excellence, Shipbuilding News, U.S. Naval Shipyards, Tell Us Your Story, This Day in Navy History, This Week in Naval History,, U.S. Navy News, U.S. Submarine Watch, Unsung Navy Heros, “Who’s Who” Directory, Why Join the Navy.
Over 585 blog posts were published, covering diverse aspects of Navy life, news, Naval technology, strategy and global ship related news. We valued the engaging dialogues with our 385 plus subscribers, which have been fundamental in shaping our approach and content.
Personalized Engagement
Anticipating 2024, we are excited to introduce a customized user experience on our website, allowing subscribers to tailor their information flow, thereby enhancing their engagement and knowledge to include any one or more of these categories and your choice of daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly delivery to their email box.
How the US Navy is facing new challenges in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal
In-Depth Analysis Spotlight Analysis: Why Taiwan Matters for America and Its Navy
In 2023, Americans for a Stronger Navy launched the ‘Analysis’ category on StrongerNavy.org, providing a platform for comprehensive analysis and insights on critical developments in naval strategy and global security. This initiative aims to offer our members and subscribers in-depth commentary and perspectives on a wide array of topics, from warfighting and modernization to the broader mission and goals of the U.S. Navy.
A standout piece in our Analysis section this year was the examination of Taiwan’s geopolitical significance, particularly its relevance to America and it’s Navy. The analysis delved into Taiwan’s complex history, its contentious relationship with China, and its importance as a democratically and strategic partner for the United States.
The focus on Taiwan highlighted its critical role in U.S. naval strategy.
With over $100 billion in bilateral trade and shared democratic values, Taiwan is not just a key economic partner but also a strategic asset in balancing China’s influence in the Asia-Pacific region.
For the U.S. Navy, which has a long-standing presence in the western Pacific, Taiwan’s stability is essential for regional security, freedom of navigation, and access to global commons.
The analysis also offered recommendations on maintaining stability and avoiding a crisis over Taiwan. Emphasizing the need for strategic ambiguity, enhanced military deterrence, and diplomatic engagement, the article underscored the importance of supporting Taiwan’s security and democratic values.
‘Who’s Who’ Directory: Celebrating Service
The ‘Who’s Who’ Directory has been a significant addition, acknowledging the dedication and achievements of individual sailors and units. “The Lone Sailor” series has brought these stories to life, deepening our community’s connection with Naval heritage.
The Americans for A Stronger Navy organization proudly welcomes renowned naval historian, author, and former US Navy officer, Dale A. Jenkins, to its Advisory Board. As a distinguished Staff Director of the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, and author of “Diplomats and Admirals,” Dale, a former US Naval officer holds positions on the Samuel Eliot Morison Committee of the Naval Order of the United States, New York, and as a Regional Director of the Naval War College Foundation. Jenkins contributes immense knowledge and expertise to the organization.
Americans for a Stronger Navy is a proud supporter of “Fleet Week ” and “Navy Week”, events that have been instrumental in diminishing the divide between military and civilian realms. Americans for a Stronger Navy volunteered media support increasing awareness and attendance to the event nationwide.
These events, deeply rooted in tradition, have played a crucial role in educating the public about the Navy, enhancing support involving interviews with Farewell to FleetWeekLA: An Insightful Conversation with Captain Victor B. Sheldon and the USS Princeton.
In Memoriam: Honoring Heroes
Our dedicated efforts to remember fallen heroes through the ‘In Memoriam’ page and the “Medal of Honor Monday” series have been a solemn tribute, highlighting the importance of remembrance and support for our service members of all rates and rank.
We’ve embraced the digital era, leveraging social media to amplify our message. Through Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, we’ve engaged a wider audience, sharing the valor of our Navy and sparking conversations on crucial naval operations.
Our social media growth has been remarkable, with our Facebook and Twitter communities thriving with over 1000 subscribers respectfully. These platforms have been crucial in fostering discussions and enhancing our advocacy efforts.
As supporters of the Army-Navy games. We hosted a virtual tailgate party for the Army-Navy game as a celebration of camaraderie and naval appreciation, drawing in enthusiastic participants and fostering a sense of shared pride.
Introducing ‘Charting the Course’: Navigating American Naval Power
A Year of Engaging and Enlightening Conversations
Our ongoing podcast series, ‘Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power,’ has been pivotal in delving into challenges faced by the U.S. Navy, featuring expert insights and forward-looking strategies.
‘Charting the Course’ has been a cornerstone of our 2023 initiatives, offering our members and the wider public valuable insights into naval strategies and global maritime affairs.
As we reflect on the series’ success, we look forward to continuing this journey of exploration and understanding in the complex world of naval power and strategy,
We are proud of what we have accomplished in 2023, and we are confident that we have made a positive impact and difference in advancing and promoting the Navy and its interests and values.
Free Access to Crucial Insights
Offered free of cost, this 8-episode series transcends typical reporting, providing in-depth analysis and light on the implications of strategic decisions shaping the future of American naval power.
The series underscores the U.S. Navy’s role not just as a symbol of national strength but as a pivotal force in maintaining global stability.
Episode Highlights
Episode 1 with Dr. Steven Wills: This session delves into the anatomy of naval strategy, discussing its development, challenges, and the integration of naval capabilities.
Episode 2 with Dr. Bruce Jones: Gain historical and global insights into maritime power, exploring the influence of trade, climate change, and geopolitical shifts.
Episode 3 with Dr. Sam Tangredi: Focused on the integration of AI in naval warfare, addressing ethical, legal, and strategic aspects.
Episode 4 with Dr. Scott Savitz: Discussing innovations in non-lethal weapons and uncrewed platforms, and their impact on naval strategy.
Episode 5 with Bryan Clark: Exploring the technological horizon of naval warfare, including AI, big data, and machine learning.
Episode 6 with Seth Cropsey: A deep dive into the complexities of modern naval power and the strategic insights needed for understanding contemporary naval dynamics.
As we step boldly into 2024, our journey together continues to shape a more secure and influential future for our Navy and our nation.
Your support regardless how small or incremental fuels our mission, and together, we can confront the evolving challenges that lie ahead. Join us in this ongoing endeavor—share your thoughts, get involved, and help us spread the word.
Every voice, every action counts towards building a stronger Navy and a stronger America.
Join Our Team: We’re Looking for Dedicated Volunteers
“Americans for a Stronger Navy” is expanding its team as we continue to grow and advocate for a stronger naval presence. We are seeking:
Advisors: Experts in naval affairs, strategy, or public policy to guide our initiatives.
Content Creators: Writers, bloggers, and social media experts to help spread our message.
Audio and Video Engineers: Talented individuals for high-quality multimedia content creation.
Outreach Coordinators: Energetic and organized individuals to manage our community engagements and events.
Be a part of a movement that’s making a real impact. To join us or for more information, visit or email us at the email provided on our contact page.
Together, we can build a stronger Navy and a stronger America!
Happy New Year, and thank you for being a vital part of this journey. Here’s to a year of impactful achievements and shared successes in 2024!
Hello, members and friends of Americans for a Stronger Navy. We have some exciting news to share with you today. The Navy has received its first Orca Extra Large Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (XLUUV) from Boeing, following a series of tests at sea. This is a major milestone for the Navy’s unmanned undersea capabilities, and we are proud to support this innovative and game-changing program.
What is Orca and why is it important?
Orca is a new class of autonomous submarine that can perform long duration critical missions to achieve undersea maritime dominance in changing environments and contested waters. Orca is based on Boeing’s Echo Voyager, a prototype XLUUV that began at-sea testing in 2017 and was a precursor to the Navy’s Orca XLUUV competition. Echo Voyager has spent over 10,000 hours operating at sea and transited hundreds of nautical miles autonomously.
Orca is important because it provides the Navy with a new and versatile tool to enhance its undersea warfare capabilities and to deter and defeat potential adversaries. Orca can operate in areas that are too dangerous, too distant, or too denied for manned submarines, and can extend the Navy’s reach and persistence in the maritime domain. Orca can also complement and augment the Navy’s existing and future manned and unmanned undersea assets, and provide a cost-effective and scalable solution for the Navy’s undersea needs.
What are the implications for the Navy?
The delivery of the first Orca XLUUV is a significant achievement for the Navy and Boeing, and a testament to their innovation, perseverance, and unwavering commitment. The Navy plans to acquire five more Orca XLUUVs in the future, and to gradually ramp up the quantities and capabilities of these vehicles. The Navy will also conduct further testing and evaluation of Orca, and apply the lessons learned to improve the reliability and performance of the system.
The Navy’s acquisition of Orca XLUUVs is part of a broader effort to develop and deploy a variety of unmanned systems for the fleet, including unmanned surface vessels and unmanned aerial systems. The Navy’s vision is to integrate these systems into a networked and distributed force that can operate across all domains and domains, and to leverage the advantages of autonomy, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to enhance the Navy’s decision-making and effectiveness.
The Navy’s investment in Orca XLUUVs and other unmanned systems reflects the Navy’s recognition of the changing security environment and the technological developments that are eroding the U.S. military advantages. The Navy faces growing challenges and threats from China and Russia, who are developing and deploying advanced anti-access/area denial capabilities, such as submarines, missiles, and cyber weapons, to challenge the U.S. presence and influence in the Indo-Pacific and Europe. The Navy also faces emerging and evolving challenges from rogue regimes, such as Iran and North Korea, and violent non-state actors, such as terrorists and pirates, who pose threats to the U.S. interests and allies in the Middle East and Africa.
The Navy’s adoption of Orca XLUUVs and other unmanned systems demonstrates the Navy’s commitment and ability to adapt and innovate to meet these challenges and to maintain its maritime superiority. The Navy’s use of Orca XLUUVs and other unmanned systems also reaffirms the Navy’s role and responsibility as the “keepers of the peace” in a turbulent and uncertain world, and as a vital partner and leader in the international community, working with allies and partners to uphold the rules-based order and to promote peace and security.
What others are saying
“This has been a very busy year for the XLUUV team and their hard work is culminating in delivery of the Navy’s first-ever unmanned diesel-electric submarine. We look forward to continued success with our Boeing teammates in fielding this important capability for the warfighter.” – Capt. Scot Searles, US Navy Unmanned Maritime Systems Program Manager
“The Orca XLUUV is a multi-phased accelerated acquisition featuring a full and open competition to industry to design, fabricate, test and deliver systems to the US Navy. The navy selected the best value of price and technical capabilities.” – Alan Baribeau, US Naval Sea Systems Command spokesperson
“Orca XLUUV is a game-changing capability that will provide the Navy with a long-range, long-endurance, multi-mission undersea vehicle that will complement and augment the Navy’s undersea force structure.” – Rear Adm. Casey Moton, US Navy Program Executive Officer for Unmanned and Small Combatants
Conclusion
We at Americans for a Stronger Navy congratulate the Navy and Boeing on the delivery of the first Orca XLUUV, and we look forward to seeing more of these vehicles in the fleet. We believe that Orca XLUUV is a critical and revolutionary capability that will enhance the Navy’s undersea warfare and deterrence posture, and that will support the Navy’s strategic plan and its 30-year shipbuilding plan.
We urge Congress and the public to support the Navy’s acquisition and development of Orca XLUUV and other unmanned systems, and to provide the necessary funding and oversight for their implementation. We also encourage the Navy to continue to improve its performance and accountability, and to foster a culture of innovation and excellence.
We also commend the Navy for its continued engagement and cooperation with its allies and partners, and for its dedication and service to the nation and the world. We stand with the Navy, and we thank them for their service and sacrifice.
We’ve laid the groundwork, discussing the vital role and impact of the U.S. Navy in a global context. Now, we’re excited to dive deeper into specific topics that define the future of American naval power.
We are honored to present Dr. Steven Wills, a distinguished navalist, historian, and former U.S. Naval officer, in our first in-depth episode titled ‘Developing and Implementing Effective U.S. Navy Strategies.‘
With over 30 years of experience in surface warfare, naval strategy, and national security, Dr. Wills brings unparalleled insights into the complexities and necessities of a forward-thinking Naval strategy.
Dr. Wills, an esteemed author of significant works like ‘Strategy Shelved’ and ‘Where are the Carriers?’, co-authored with former Navy Secretary John Lehman, enriches our discussion with his perspectives, shaped by his contributions to notable publications like the U.S. Naval War College Review and U.S. Naval Institute News.
Join us as we build on our past discussions, charting the evolving course of American naval power, and delve into its indispensable role in the ever-changing tapestry of global security.
Speakersand Sessions
Episode 1: Dr. Steven Wills, Navalist for the Center for Maritime Strategy at the Navy League of the United States. – The Anatomy of Naval Strate – December 28, 2023
Dive deep into the world of naval strategy with Dr Steven Wills, who brings a keen eye to the intricacies of strategy development, its challenges, and the integration of diverse naval capabilities. This session promises a thorough exploration of what constitutes U.S. Navy strategy, its objectives, and how it shapes the nation’s maritime future.
Episode 2:Dr. Bruce Jones, Senior Fellow – Foreign Policy, Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Brookings Institution. – Maritime Power Through History and Future – January 4, 2024
Join Dr. Bruce Jones for a historical and global perspective on maritime power. This session connects past and present maritime dynamics, exploring the influence of trade, climate change, and geopolitical shifts. Gain insights into how historical narratives of maritime prowess inform the current dynamics of power and influence in the global maritime domain.
Episode 3: Dr. Sam Tangredi, Leidos Chair of Future Warfare Studies and professor of national, naval, and maritime strategy at the U.S. Naval War College.January 11, 2024.
Embark on a technological journey with Dr. Sam Tangredi, an authority on the integration of AI in naval warfare. This session addresses how AI, big data, and human-machine interfaces are revolutionizing naval operations. Learn about the ethical, legal, and strategic dimensions of AI in the Navy and its profound impact on future naval force structure and capabilities.
Episode 4: Dr. Scott Savitz, Senior Engineer at the RAND Corporation – Innovation at Sea: Non-Lethal Weapons and Uncrewed Platforms – .January 18, 2024.
Explore the cutting-edge of naval innovation with Dr. Scott Savitz, focusing on non-lethal weapons and uncrewed platforms. Understand how these technologies are reshaping naval strategy and operations, their potential risks, and their role in maintaining strategic advantage over global rivals. This session promises insights into the future of naval warfare and national security.
Episode 5: Bryan Clark, senior fellow and director of the Center for Defense Concepts and Technology at Hudson Institute – The Technological Horizon of Naval Warfare – February 1st, 2024.
Delve into the future with as we examine the broad implications of emerging technologies like AI, big data, machine learning, and more in naval warfare. This session covers the integration challenges these technologies pose, their strategic impact, and their role in enhancing interoperability and effectiveness with global allies.⁰
Episode 6: Seth Cropsey, President Yorktown Institute. – Navigating Today’s Naval Challenges – February 8, 2024.
Join us as we explore the complexities of modern naval power with Seth Cropsey, a seasoned expert with extensive experience in the U.S. Naval and Department of Defense realms. This session offers an in-depth look at the current challenges and opportunities facing the Navy, particularly in the context of global rivalries. Discover the strategic insights that set the stage for a comprehensive understanding of contemporary naval dynamics.
Episode 7: Jon Rennie, co-founder, president, and CEO of Peak Demand Inc., – Leadership and Culture in Modern Naval Power –February 15th, 2024.
Conclude our series with Jon Rennie, focusing on the crucial elements of leadership, culture, and the balance between tradition and modernization within the Navy. This session highlights the importance of leadership in navigating the multifaceted challenges and opportunities in naval power, offering a holistic view of the organizational dynamics at play.
To the members, dedicated friends, and supporters of Americans for a Stronger Navy,
It is with a sense of urgency and commitment to our national security that we delve into an issue of paramount importance – the revitalization of the U.S. Navy’s shipyards. This topic, often overlooked in public discourse, is a cornerstone of our naval strength and a critical factor in maintaining our status as a global maritime power.
The Navy’s four public shipyards — Norfolk, Portsmouth, Puget Sound, and Pearl Harbor — are essential for maintaining submarines and aircraft carriers, ensuring fleet readiness. Originally built for sail- and conventionally-powered ships, these 19th and 20th-century shipyards now struggle to efficiently service modern nuclear-powered vessels. Confronted with outdated facilities and technology, they face increasing maintenance costs, scheduling delays, and reliability concerns.
Recognizing the need for modernization, the Navy initiated the Shipyard Infrastructure Optimization Program (SIOP) in May 2018. Managed by Naval Sea Systems Command with support from Naval Facilities Engineering Command and Commander, Navy Installations Command, SIOP aims to upgrade dry docks, optimize industrial processes, and modernize equipment to meet contemporary standards. This program is a critical step in transforming these historic shipyards into state-of-the-art facilities, aligning them with current naval operational needs.
Why This Matters
The significance of a robust and modern naval force cannot be understated in an era defined by great-power competition and rapidly evolving global threats. Our shipyards are the backbone of this force, serving as the lifeblood that keeps our fleet operational, advanced, and ready for any challenge. However, as recent assessments reveal, the current state of these facilities is far from meeting the demands of contemporary naval warfare and strategy.
Why America Should Care
Every American should be concerned about the state of our Navy’s shipyards. These facilities are not just about maintaining ships; they are about safeguarding our national security, ensuring global maritime dominance, and protecting our economic interests. A powerful Navy guarantees open sea lanes for commerce, deters potential adversaries, and provides a rapid response capability in times of crisis. The efficacy of our Navy is directly linked to the health of our shipyards.
Key Takeaway Problems
Two critical analyses – one from Forbes and another from Maiya Clark, The Heritage Foundation – highlight the pressing issues facing our shipyards:
Aging Fleet and Infrastructure: Our Los Angeles Class submarines and shipyard facilities have aged, hindering operational efficiency.
Resource Misallocation: There’s a notable misallocation of resources, with billions being spent on maintaining older vessels instead of investing in newer classes or infrastructure.
Maintenance Delays: Prolonged maintenance periods are causing significant operational gaps in fleet readiness.
Inefficient Modernization Efforts: Efforts like the Shipyard Infrastructure Optimization Plan (SIOP) face challenges in funding and execution, threatening their effectiveness.
Human Capital Needs: A modern shipyard also requires a talented workforce, including engineers and trade personnel, to effectively utilize and maintain the upgraded infrastructure.
How Urgent Is This?
The urgency of this situation cannot be overstated. With each passing day of delayed maintenance and underfunded modernization, our naval capabilities diminish. The world is not standing still; as potential adversaries advance their naval capabilities, any lag on our part creates vulnerabilities. Addressing these issues is not just a matter of military preparedness; it is a necessity for national survival.
Solutions
The path forward requires a multifaceted approach:
Strategic Investment in Modernization: Fully funding and efficiently executing the SIOP is crucial for modernizing our shipyards.
Prioritizing Fleet Readiness: The Navy must reallocate resources towards vessels and infrastructure that significantly enhance our naval capabilities.
Public-Private Partnerships: Leveraging private shipyards for maintenance work can alleviate pressure on public yards and introduce innovative practices
Boosting Workforce Expertise: Critical for Naval Advancement to complement infrastructure development, prioritizing workforce expertise is vital. The Navy should focus on attracting and nurturing skilled engineers and tradespeople through enhanced training programs and partnerships. This strategic investment in human capital is essential to fully leverage upgraded vessels and facilities, thereby bolstering overall naval capabilities.
Policy Support and Advocacy: It’s vital for organizations like Americans for a Stronger Navy to advocate for policies that support these changes and raise public awareness about the importance of a modern and capable Navy.
Conclusion
As members, friends, and supporters of Americans for a Stronger Navy, we play a crucial role in shaping the discourse and action around this critical issue.
Our collective voice can drive the change necessary to ensure that our Navy remains the most formidable maritime force in the world.
We must not only understand the challenges but also actively advocate for practical solutions.
The future of our naval superiority and, by extension, our national security, depends on our commitment to revitalizing America’s shipyards. Together, let’s champion a stronger, more resilient Navy for a safer, more secure America.
On this Christmas Day, amidst the joy and warmth of the season, we pause to remember another kind of sacrifice: the unwavering dedication of the men and women who stand watch on the vast oceans, guardians of our freedom and keepers of the peace.
Bill Cullifer, Founder
These brave sailors, our Navy, dedicate their lives to a mission both noble and perilous. They sail amidst the ever-present dangers of the seas, facing not just the fury of nature, but the potential threats that could disrupt the fragile tapestry of global peace.
Our Commitment to Naval Power:
This Christmas, as we reflect on the values of peace and security, we at Americans for a Stronger Navy reaffirm our dedication to supporting the vital role of the U.S. Navy. Through our rich and diverse blog content, featuring expert insights and in-depth analysis, we provide a valuable resource for understanding the challenges and opportunities facing the naval domain.
Our blog delves into timely topics like the Navy’s recent success in testing unmanned surface vessels, proving its commitment to cutting-edge technology even as we celebrate Christmas. We also dive deep into emerging challenges like those faced in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, reminding us that the Navy’s vigilance never sleeps, even during holidays. From China and Russia to the Indo-Pacific and the Aleutian Islands, we explore the spectrum of naval news and stories, featuring expert insights on technology, innovation, readiness, budget, personnel, and history. Join the conversation on how we can best support its vital mission.p
Charting the Course:
Our educational series, “Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power,” delves deeper into critical trends and developments shaping the future of global maritime security. Explore webinars, podcasts, and articles to discover how the Navy adapts and innovates in the face of long-term competition and emerging threats. Stay tuned for ongoing updates and join the conversation on this crucial topic.
Charting the Course features insightful discussions on a variety of topics, including:
The evolving geopolitical landscape and its implications for naval power.
Technological advancements and their impact on naval warfare.
The importance of international cooperation in maintaining maritime security.
The challenges and opportunities of recruiting and retaining a diverse and talented naval workforce.
Yet, they do not falter. They stand firm, a silent bulwark against aggression, ensuring the safe passage of trade, protecting the innocent, and safeguarding the very foundations of a world that yearns for harmony.
This Christmas, as we gather with loved ones, consider the silent sentinels on distant ships. Remember their families, who face the holidays with an aching absence, their hearts intertwined with the vast expanse of the sea.
And let us pledge, not just our gratitude, but our unwavering support. For a stronger Navy is not just a fleet of steel and technology; it is a force for good in the world, a beacon of hope that deters conflict and fosters cooperation.
That is why we, at Americans for a Stronger Navy, dedicate ourselves to advocating for the resources and capabilities our Navy needs. In our first year, we have made strides, raising awareness, building bridges, and amplifying the voices of those who understand the crucial role the Navy plays in securing our future.
We invite you to join us at StrongerNavy.org, and discover ways you can become an advocate for peace through strength. Lend your voice, your time, your resources, and together, let us build a legacy of unwavering support for the keepers of the peace.
This Christmas, let us offer not just prayers, but action. Let us honor the Navy, not just with words, but with a commitment to ensuring they have the tools they need to safeguard our freedoms and pave the way for a brighter, more peaceful world.
Merry Christmas, and may the new year bring renewed hope, enduring peace, and a Navy strong enough to protect it all.
The U.S. Navy is one step closer to realizing its vision of a hybrid fleet that combines manned and unmanned ships. In a recent test, the Navy demonstrated that a diesel generator for Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) operations can run for 720 hours without human intervention or maintenance.
This is a critical requirement for the Large Unmanned Surface Vessel (LUSV) program, which aims to develop and acquire low-cost, high-endurance, modular USVs that can carry various payloads, such as missiles, sensors, or electronic warfare systems.
What Was the Test About?
The test was mandated by Congress in the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act, which directed the Navy to achieve the 720-hour milestone before the LUSV could proceed into formal development.
The test included 100 hours of pre-testing and 720 hours of demonstration phase, during which no human intervention and no preventative or corrective maintenance on the equipment was allowed.
The test was conducted by Bollinger and Carter Machinery on behalf of Caterpillar in Chesapeake, Virginia. The Navy’s Program Executive Office for Unmanned and Small Combatants (PEO USC) and the Unmanned Maritime Systems Program Office (PMS 406) oversaw the successful test completion. The test validated that the 1550 kw Caterpillar 3512C model engine demonstrated sufficient mechanical reliability to support the requirements of an unmanned ship to operate for 30 days.
Why Does It Matter?
The test is a key milestone for the Navy’s unmanned surface vessel programs and allows the Navy to move forward with developing and acquiring the LUSV, which is envisioned to be greater than 200 ft. in length with a full load displacement of approximately 1,500 tons.
The LUSV will deliver adjunct missile magazine capacity to the Fleet as part of the Navy’s Distributed Maritime Operations concept, which seeks to leverage a more distributed and networked force to counter potential adversaries.
The LUSV is intended to be a low-cost, high-endurance, modular USV that can employ a variety of payloads, depending on the mission. The LUSV could provide additional firepower, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, electronic warfare, or mine countermeasures capabilities to the Fleet, without putting human lives at risk or requiring extensive logistics support.
What Are the Implications for the Navy?
The successful test of the diesel generator for USV operations is a significant step towards achieving the Navy’s goal of a hybrid fleet that integrates manned and unmanned ships.
The LUSV program is one of the Navy’s large UV programs that pose a number of oversight issues for Congress, including issues relating to the analytical basis for the more distributed fleet architecture; the Navy’s accelerated acquisition strategies for these programs; technical, schedule, and cost risk in the programs; the proposed annual procurement rates for the programs; the industrial base implications of the programs; potential implications for miscalculation or escalation at sea; the personnel implications of the programs; and whether the Navy has accurately priced the work it is proposing to do on the programs .
The Navy is also pursuing other unmanned surface vessel programs, such as the Medium Unmanned Surface Vessel (MUSV) and the Ghost Fleet Overlord program, which aim to develop and test smaller, more agile, and more autonomous USVs that can perform various missions, such as scouting, countermine, anti-submarine, or electronic warfare
These programs are expected to complement the LUSV program and enhance the Navy’s capabilities and flexibility in the future.
The Navy’s unmanned surface vessel programs are part of a broader effort to leverage new technologies and concepts to address the challenges and opportunities posed by the changing strategic environment.
Unmanned vessels, according to their advocates, help solve both the problems of budget constraints and anti-access and area-denial threats.
They are ostensibly cheaper than manned ships, so the Navy can build a larger fleet under constrained budgets. And, since unmanned vessels do not risk human life, they can be deployed within those areas where A2/AD capabilities pose a threat .
However, unmanned vessels also come with a host of unknown risks and challenges, such as technical reliability, cyber vulnerability, legal liability, ethical dilemmas, command and control issues, and human-machine interaction.
These issues will require careful consideration and experimentation before unmanned vessels can be fully integrated into the Navy’s operations and doctrine.
Moreover, unmanned vessels are not a silver bullet that can solve all the Navy’s problems.
They still require manned support and protection, and they may not be able to perform all the functions and roles that manned ships can, such as diplomacy, deterrence, or humanitarian assistance. Unmanned vessels are not a replacement for manned ships, but rather a supplement and an enabler for them.
The Navy’s unmanned surface vessel programs are an ambitious and innovative attempt to transform the Navy’s fleet and capabilities in the face of emerging threats and opportunities. The successful test of the diesel generator for USV operations is a major achievement that paves the way for the development and acquisition of the LUSV, a key component of the Navy’s hybrid fleet vision.
However, the Navy still faces many challenges and uncertainties in implementing and integrating unmanned vessels into its operations and doctrine.
The Navy will need to continue to test, evaluate, and refine its unmanned surface vessel programs, as well as to address the various oversight issues and concerns raised by Congress and other stakeholders.
Unmanned vessels are the future of the Navy, but they are not the only future. The Navy will need to balance its investments and efforts between manned and unmanned ships, as well as between sea control and sea denial, to achieve a fleet that is capable, credible, and adaptable.
Welcome to Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power’ a podcast series that dives into the past, present, and future of the U.S. Navy and its impact on the world. This episode is the third of a eight in the series where we will discuss the U.S. Navy’s Fleet Size and Composition: Challenges and Opportunities for the Future.
In a world of shifting global dynamics, the United States Navy remains a pivotal force in American defense and international maritime security. With its comprehensive array of personnel, aircraft, and ships, the Navy demonstrates remarkable capabilities and readiness to address diverse global challenges.
However, the Navy also faces the question of optimal fleet size and composition, which is more relevant than ever, particularly as it grapples with future challenges and opportunities.
In this article, we will explore the current and projected state of the U.S. Navy’s fleet size and composition, and how it relates to the national defense strategy and the global security environment.
We will also discuss the challenges and opportunities that the Navy faces in building and maintaining a larger and more capable fleet, and the potential role of unmanned systems and technology in enhancing the Navy’s force structure and posture.
We will base our analysis on the latest data and research from reliable sources, such as the RAND Corporation, a think tank that conducts research and analysis on defense and national security issues. We also seek input from other notable organizations, our members and individuals and institutions representing the American public.
The Dilemma of Fleet Expansion
Recent Congressional efforts have pushed the Navy towards expanding the size of the fleet.
For fiscal 2023, Congress added nearly 20% to the Navy’s request for shipbuilding and compelled the Navy to retain half of the 24 ships that it had hoped to retire.
While a larger fleet might seem advantageous, the reality is more complex. According to Bradley Martin and Scott Savitz, researchers at the RAND Corporation, the Navy faces the challenge of balancing the expansion with adequate funding for personnel, maintenance, and technology upgrades.
Without these, a bigger fleet could ironically lead to reduced readiness according to their report. Building more ships is a vote-winner in a number of congressional districts, but absent the personnel and support needed, additional ships could spend more time at the piers and be less capable at sea according to some.
The Navy’s budget request for fiscal 2023 was $211.7 billion, a 1.8% increase from the previous year, but still below the inflation-adjusted average of $220.6 billion since 2001.
The Navy also faces the challenge of maintaining and modernizing its existing fleet, which has an average age of 21 years, the highest since 1973.
Defining the Fleet’s Purpose
Understanding the Navy’s goals is crucial. The current fleet’s configuration is not entirely suited for low-intensity conflicts or gray-zone provocations, like those that could arise from paramilitary actions.
This gap in capabilities raises questions about the composition and size of the fleet needed for effective deterrence and response. For example, if China used its maritime militia or coast guard to coerce shipping or seize disputed islands in the South China Sea, the U.S. Navy’s overall capabilities and force structure are not designed to effectively deal with them, given a paucity of the smaller combatant ships that might be useful in such an operation.
The Navy’s fleet is largely composed of large and expensive ships, such as aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, and submarines, which are optimized for high-end warfare and power projection, but may not be the best suited for lower-end scenarios.
The Navy has 299 deployable combat vessels, of which 11 areaircraft carriers, 22 are cruisers, 66 are destroyers, and 68 are submarines.
These ships are equipped with advanced weapons and sensors, such as the Aegis combat system, Tomahawk cruise missiles, and Trident ballistic missiles, which give them the ability to strike targets at long ranges and to deter or defeat potential adversaries.
However, these ships are also costly to build and maintain, and may be vulnerable to anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) threats, such as anti-ship missiles, mines, and cyberattacks, that could limit their freedom of movement and operation.
Unmanned Vessels: A Game-Changer?
The integration of unmanned vessels presents a promising yet challenging frontier. These assets could potentially offer a more balanced force structure, by providing lower-cost and more-flexible assets that can perform a range of missions, such as intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), mine countermeasures, anti-submarine warfare, and surface warfare.
The absence of personnel aboard these systems does more than enable them to take greater risks; it also means that they can be designed solely around the mission, without needing to support the needs of human beings.
While most of them currently complement manned assets, some may be able to supplant them as confidence in their capabilities increases.
The Navy operates or plans to acquire various types and numbers of unmanned systems, such as the MQ-4C Triton and MQ-8 Fire Scout unmanned aerial vehicles, the MQ-25 Stingray unmanned aerial refueling tanker, the Orca extra-large unmanned undersea vehicle, the Sea Hunter medium unmanned surface vessel, and the Ghost Fleet Overlord large unmanned surface vessel.
These systems could enhance the Navy’s situational awareness, endurance, reach, and lethality, while reducing the risk to human lives and the strain on the budget.
However, despite the Navy’s enthusiasm for unmanned assets across multiple domains, congressional committees have often expressed reservations about their effectiveness and capabilities.
The integration challenges are significant, and the manpower demands have not actually gone down, but have instead remained steady or increased. The Navy also faces legal, ethical, and operational issues, such as the rules of engagement, the command and control, and the interoperability of unmanned systems.
Strategic Alignment
A fundamental issue for the Navy is aligning its actions and operations with overarching strategic objectives. The Navy is locked in a daily struggle with global demand, facing persistent requests from geographical combatant commanders while seeking to avoid overstretch and maintain overall readiness, which may be hampering its ability to consider the overall requirement.
The Navy’s fleet size and composition should reflect the strategic priorities and objectives of the national defense strategy, which identifies China as the most significant and long-term strategic competitor to the United States, and places a primary focus on the need to sustain and strengthen U.S. deterrence against China in the Indo-Pacific region.
The Navy should also consider the potential roles and missions that it might perform in a potential war with China or elsewhere, and the types and numbers of ships that are required for each scenario. For example, the Navy might need to conduct attacks and intelligence missions from submarines, support Marines in amphibious operations, interdict Chinese merchant traffic far from China’s shores, and deter potential aggression from other adversaries, such as Russia, North Korea, Iran, and violent extremist organizations.
The Navy should also balance the trade-offs between quantity and quality, between readiness and modernization, and between current and future capabilities, and leverage the advantages of its nuclear forces, its submarine force, its amphibious and expeditionary forces, its carrier strike groups, its surface combatants, its unmanned systems, and its logistics and support vessels.
Conclusion
The U.S. Navy’s fleet size and composition is a critical factor for its ability to fulfill its mission and to protect the nation’s interests.
The Navy faces the challenge of building and maintaining a larger and more capable fleet, while also adapting to the changing global security environment and the emerging technological trends.
The Navy also needs to align its actions and operations with the national defense strategy and the strategic objectives of the United States and its allies and partners.
The decisions made today will have far-reaching implications for the U.S. Navy and national security. As we at “Americans for a Stronger Navy” advocate, a robust, well-equipped, and strategically aligned Navy is imperative for America’s defense and global maritime dominance.
Call to Action
Join us in our mission by following along with this series that aim to support and promote a Navy that is ready for the challenges of today and prepared for the uncertainties of tomorrow. Your voice matters in shaping the future of American naval power. Please read on and follow along as we publish fresh content weekly on this blog.
In addition to questions development by the organizing committee, we have prepared the following additional questions to guide our discussion and analysis of the U.S. Navy’s fleet size and composition. We invite you to share your thoughts and feedback on this important topic, and to join us in our mission to support and promote a Navy that is ready for the challenges of today and prepared for the uncertainties of tomorrow.
• How does the U.S. Navy measure its fleet size and composition, and what are the metrics and benchmarks that it uses to assess its adequacy and effectiveness?
• How does the U.S. Navy collaborate with its allies and partners to enhance its collective security and interoperability, and what are the opportunities and challenges for burden-sharing and capability development?
• How does the U.S. Navy address the emerging and evolving threats and challenges posed by China, Russia, North Korea, Iran, and violent extremist organizations, and what are the gaps and shortfalls in its current and projected capabilities?
• How does the U.S. Navy innovate and modernize its fleet to maintain its technological edge and operational advantage, and what are the priorities and trade-offs for its research and development, acquisition, and procurement programs?
Our Distinguished Hosts:
Join Bill Cullifer, founder of Americans for a Stronger Navy, and former Destroyer Navy sailor. As a patriot, entrepreneur and podcaster, Bill brings a wealth of experience to the conversation. Alongside him will be Dale A. Jenkins, a noted Naval historian and the author of “Diplomats and Admirals.” Dale serves on the Samuel Eliot Morison Committee of the Naval Order of the United States in New York and is also a Regional Director of the Naval War College Foundation.
They’ll guide the discussions, bringing a wealth of knowledge to the series.
Speakers
We have invited leaders and experts in naval and national defense to make podcasts with us that will be posted on our website on a weekly schedule. These weekly podcasts include, Bryan Clark: Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Defense Concepts and Technology at the Hudson Institute, Seth Cropsey: President of the Yorktown Institute, Dr. Bruce Jones: Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, Jon S. Rennie: US Navy Veteran, Business Leader, Author, and Speaker, Dr. Scott Savitz: Senior Engineer at the RAND Corporation, Dr. Sam Tangredi: Leidos Chair of Future Warfare Studies at the U.S. Naval War College. Dr. Steven Wills: Navalist for the Center for Maritime Strategy at the Navy League of the United States.
Episodes
These podcasts provide in-depth analyses on the latest weapons systems, artificial intelligence (AI), current worldwide national security strategy, force structure and adequacy of naval forces, innovation of new weapon systems and the leadership qualities needed to achieve our naval and national security goals. Vast majority of participants are former Naval officers who have taken their experience in the Navy to new endeavors.
Our podcasts will be one-hour zoom sessions, with a post-show summary with Bill and myself.
Future podcasts will continue to 8 and analyze current and future threats and challenges from China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea. We will be alert for other potential threats. Defense spending and budget, weapon systems, alliances and partnerships, trade and economic policies, human rights and democracy promotion will also be explored.
The U.S. Navy destroyer Carney shot down multiple missiles and drones fired by Iranian-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen on U.S. Navy
The US Navy has a vital role in ensuring the security and stability of the Middle East and the world. However, recent events have shown that the Navy is facing new and complex threats in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, two strategic waterways that connect Europe, Asia and Africa.
Why the Red Sea matters
The Red Sea is a narrow and shallow body of water that separates Africa from the Arabian Peninsula. It is a crucial route for global trade, as it links the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean through the Suez Canal. According to the US Energy Information Administration, about 9% of the world’s seaborne oil trade passes through the Red Sea.
The Red Sea is also a hotspot for regional conflicts and tensions. On one side, there is Yemen, where a civil war has been raging since 2014 between the internationally recognized government and the Iran-backed Houthi rebels. The Houthis have repeatedly attacked Saudi Arabia, a US ally and the leader of a coalition that supports the Yemeni government, with missiles, drones and naval mines. The Houthis have also targeted commercial ships and oil tankers in the Red Sea, posing a threat to maritime security and the global energy supply
On the other side, there is Egypt, which controls the Suez Canal and has a long-standing rivalry with Ethiopia over the Nile River. Ethiopia is building a massive hydroelectric dam on the Nile, which Egypt fears will reduce its share of the water and endanger its food security. The dispute has escalated into a diplomatic crisis, with both countries accusing each other of violating international law and threatening military action. The US has tried to mediate the conflict, but so far without success.
Why the Suez Canal matters
The Suez Canal is a man-made waterway that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. It was built by the French in the 19th century and nationalized by Egypt in 1956, sparking a war with Britain, France and Israel. The canal was closed twice in the 20th century, during the Suez Crisis of 1956 and the Six-Day War of 1967, disrupting global trade and triggering oil crises. The canal was reopened in 1975 and has since been expanded and modernized to accommodate larger ships and more traffic.
The Suez Canal is one of the most important chokepoints in the world, as it allows ships to avoid the long and costly detour around Africa. According to the Suez Canal Authority, about 50 ships pass through the canal every day, carrying about 12% of the world’s trade and 8% of the world’s oil. The canal is also a strategic asset for the US Navy, as it enables the rapid deployment of naval forces from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean and vice versa.
The Suez Canal, however, is not immune to accidents and disruptions. In March 2021, a giant container ship, the Ever Given, ran aground in the canal and blocked it for six days, causing a massive traffic jam and a global supply chain crisis. The incident highlighted the vulnerability of the canal to human error, technical failure and bad weather. It also raised questions about the adequacy of the canal’s infrastructure, management and security
Why America should care
The US has a vital interest in maintaining the security and stability of the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, as they are essential for the global economy, the energy market and the regional balance of power. The US also has a moral and legal obligation to protect its allies and partners in the region, such as Saudi Arabia, Israel and Egypt, from external and internal threats.
The US Navy, therefore, has a key role in safeguarding the freedom of navigation and the flow of commerce in these waterways. The Navy has deployed several ships and aircraft to the region, including the USS Carney, a guided-missile destroyer that has shot down several drones launched by the Houthis in the Red Sea.
In addition to the USS Carney, the US Navy has also announced a new international mission to counter the escalating Houthi attacks on ships in the Red Sea. The mission, dubbed Operation Sentinel, aims to enhance maritime security and deter aggression in the region. The US will work with its allies and partners, such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom, to provide escort and surveillance services to commercial vessels and ensure the freedom of navigation in the vital waterway. The Navy has also offered to help the Egyptian authorities to clear the Suez Canal after the Ever Given incident.
However, the Navy also faces new and complex challenges in the region, such as the increasing sophistication and proliferation of the Houthi weapons, the rising tensions and potential conflicts between Egypt and Ethiopia, and the growing influence and presence of other actors, such as Russia, China and Iran. The Navy also has to balance its resources and priorities with other regions, such as the Indo-Pacific and Europe, where it faces similar or greater threats.
The US Navy, therefore, needs to adapt and innovate to cope with the changing dynamics and demands in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. The Navy needs to enhance its intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities, to detect and deter any hostile or suspicious activities in the region. The Navy also needs to strengthen its cooperation and coordination with its allies and partners, to share information, resources and responsibilities. The Navy also needs to invest in its infrastructure, technology and personnel, to ensure its readiness and resilience.
The Red Sea and the Suez Canal are vital lifelines for the world and the US. The US Navy is the guardian of these lifelines, and it must be prepared and equipped to face any challenges and opportunities in the region.
This just in from Reuters:
U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin announced on Tuesday plans to set up a multinational coalition to safeguard Red Sea shipping called Operation Prosperity Guardian. During a trip to the Middle East, he said the operations would be joined by Britain, Bahrain, Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Seychelles and Spain.
This has been the response according to Reuters
France France’s Defence Ministry said it supported efforts to secure freedom of navigation in the Red Sea and surrounding area and said it already operated in the region. But it said its ships would stay under French command and did not say if it would deploy more naval forces. Advertisement · Scroll to continue Report this ad France has a naval base in the United Arab Emirates and 1,500 troops in Djibouti. Its frigate Languedoc is now in the Red Sea.
Italy Italy’s Defence Ministry said it would send naval frigate Virginio Fasan to the Red Sea to protect its national interests in response to specific requests made by Italian shipowners. It said this was part of its existing operations and was not part of Operation Prosperity Guardian.
Spain
Spain’s Defence Ministry said it would only participate in NATO-led missions or EU-coordinated operations. “We will not participate unilaterally in the Red Sea operation,” it said.
Britain
Britain said destroyer HMS Diamond would join Operation Prosperity Guardian. Britain’s defence ministry said the coalition would operate as part of the U.S.-led CMF.
Others
The Netherlands said it would send two staff officers and Norway said it would send 10 naval officers to Bahrain, the headquarters of CMF.
KEY POINTS ACCORDING T0 CNBC
The U.S. launched Operation Prosperity Guardian, an expansion of its maritime defense force in the Red Sea amid mounting attacks from the Iran-backed Houthi rebel group. Several major companies like BP and Maersk have paused shipping in the Red Sea as danger from Houthi drone strikes escalates. An expanded military presence in the Red Sea comes as the U.S. eyes potential flare-ups of spreading regional conflict as the Israel-Hamas war continues.
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