To the members, dedicated friends, and supporters of Americans for a Stronger Navy,
It is with a sense of urgency and commitment to our national security that we delve into an issue of paramount importance – the revitalization of the U.S. Navy’s shipyards. This topic, often overlooked in public discourse, is a cornerstone of our naval strength and a critical factor in maintaining our status as a global maritime power.
The Navy’s four public shipyards — Norfolk, Portsmouth, Puget Sound, and Pearl Harbor — are essential for maintaining submarines and aircraft carriers, ensuring fleet readiness. Originally built for sail- and conventionally-powered ships, these 19th and 20th-century shipyards now struggle to efficiently service modern nuclear-powered vessels. Confronted with outdated facilities and technology, they face increasing maintenance costs, scheduling delays, and reliability concerns.
Recognizing the need for modernization, the Navy initiated the Shipyard Infrastructure Optimization Program (SIOP) in May 2018. Managed by Naval Sea Systems Command with support from Naval Facilities Engineering Command and Commander, Navy Installations Command, SIOP aims to upgrade dry docks, optimize industrial processes, and modernize equipment to meet contemporary standards. This program is a critical step in transforming these historic shipyards into state-of-the-art facilities, aligning them with current naval operational needs.
Why This Matters
The significance of a robust and modern naval force cannot be understated in an era defined by great-power competition and rapidly evolving global threats. Our shipyards are the backbone of this force, serving as the lifeblood that keeps our fleet operational, advanced, and ready for any challenge. However, as recent assessments reveal, the current state of these facilities is far from meeting the demands of contemporary naval warfare and strategy.
Why America Should Care
Every American should be concerned about the state of our Navy’s shipyards. These facilities are not just about maintaining ships; they are about safeguarding our national security, ensuring global maritime dominance, and protecting our economic interests. A powerful Navy guarantees open sea lanes for commerce, deters potential adversaries, and provides a rapid response capability in times of crisis. The efficacy of our Navy is directly linked to the health of our shipyards.
Key Takeaway Problems
Two critical analyses – one from Forbes and another from Maiya Clark, The Heritage Foundation – highlight the pressing issues facing our shipyards:
Aging Fleet and Infrastructure: Our Los Angeles Class submarines and shipyard facilities have aged, hindering operational efficiency.
Resource Misallocation: There’s a notable misallocation of resources, with billions being spent on maintaining older vessels instead of investing in newer classes or infrastructure.
Maintenance Delays: Prolonged maintenance periods are causing significant operational gaps in fleet readiness.
Inefficient Modernization Efforts: Efforts like the Shipyard Infrastructure Optimization Plan (SIOP) face challenges in funding and execution, threatening their effectiveness.
Human Capital Needs: A modern shipyard also requires a talented workforce, including engineers and trade personnel, to effectively utilize and maintain the upgraded infrastructure.
How Urgent Is This?
The urgency of this situation cannot be overstated. With each passing day of delayed maintenance and underfunded modernization, our naval capabilities diminish. The world is not standing still; as potential adversaries advance their naval capabilities, any lag on our part creates vulnerabilities. Addressing these issues is not just a matter of military preparedness; it is a necessity for national survival.
Solutions
The path forward requires a multifaceted approach:
Strategic Investment in Modernization: Fully funding and efficiently executing the SIOP is crucial for modernizing our shipyards.
Prioritizing Fleet Readiness: The Navy must reallocate resources towards vessels and infrastructure that significantly enhance our naval capabilities.
Public-Private Partnerships: Leveraging private shipyards for maintenance work can alleviate pressure on public yards and introduce innovative practices
Boosting Workforce Expertise: Critical for Naval Advancement to complement infrastructure development, prioritizing workforce expertise is vital. The Navy should focus on attracting and nurturing skilled engineers and tradespeople through enhanced training programs and partnerships. This strategic investment in human capital is essential to fully leverage upgraded vessels and facilities, thereby bolstering overall naval capabilities.
Policy Support and Advocacy: It’s vital for organizations like Americans for a Stronger Navy to advocate for policies that support these changes and raise public awareness about the importance of a modern and capable Navy.
Conclusion
As members, friends, and supporters of Americans for a Stronger Navy, we play a crucial role in shaping the discourse and action around this critical issue.
Our collective voice can drive the change necessary to ensure that our Navy remains the most formidable maritime force in the world.
We must not only understand the challenges but also actively advocate for practical solutions.
The future of our naval superiority and, by extension, our national security, depends on our commitment to revitalizing America’s shipyards. Together, let’s champion a stronger, more resilient Navy for a safer, more secure America.
The U.S. Navy is one step closer to realizing its vision of a hybrid fleet that combines manned and unmanned ships. In a recent test, the Navy demonstrated that a diesel generator for Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) operations can run for 720 hours without human intervention or maintenance.
This is a critical requirement for the Large Unmanned Surface Vessel (LUSV) program, which aims to develop and acquire low-cost, high-endurance, modular USVs that can carry various payloads, such as missiles, sensors, or electronic warfare systems.
What Was the Test About?
The test was mandated by Congress in the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act, which directed the Navy to achieve the 720-hour milestone before the LUSV could proceed into formal development.
The test included 100 hours of pre-testing and 720 hours of demonstration phase, during which no human intervention and no preventative or corrective maintenance on the equipment was allowed.
The test was conducted by Bollinger and Carter Machinery on behalf of Caterpillar in Chesapeake, Virginia. The Navy’s Program Executive Office for Unmanned and Small Combatants (PEO USC) and the Unmanned Maritime Systems Program Office (PMS 406) oversaw the successful test completion. The test validated that the 1550 kw Caterpillar 3512C model engine demonstrated sufficient mechanical reliability to support the requirements of an unmanned ship to operate for 30 days.
Why Does It Matter?
The test is a key milestone for the Navy’s unmanned surface vessel programs and allows the Navy to move forward with developing and acquiring the LUSV, which is envisioned to be greater than 200 ft. in length with a full load displacement of approximately 1,500 tons.
The LUSV will deliver adjunct missile magazine capacity to the Fleet as part of the Navy’s Distributed Maritime Operations concept, which seeks to leverage a more distributed and networked force to counter potential adversaries.
The LUSV is intended to be a low-cost, high-endurance, modular USV that can employ a variety of payloads, depending on the mission. The LUSV could provide additional firepower, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, electronic warfare, or mine countermeasures capabilities to the Fleet, without putting human lives at risk or requiring extensive logistics support.
What Are the Implications for the Navy?
The successful test of the diesel generator for USV operations is a significant step towards achieving the Navy’s goal of a hybrid fleet that integrates manned and unmanned ships.
The LUSV program is one of the Navy’s large UV programs that pose a number of oversight issues for Congress, including issues relating to the analytical basis for the more distributed fleet architecture; the Navy’s accelerated acquisition strategies for these programs; technical, schedule, and cost risk in the programs; the proposed annual procurement rates for the programs; the industrial base implications of the programs; potential implications for miscalculation or escalation at sea; the personnel implications of the programs; and whether the Navy has accurately priced the work it is proposing to do on the programs .
The Navy is also pursuing other unmanned surface vessel programs, such as the Medium Unmanned Surface Vessel (MUSV) and the Ghost Fleet Overlord program, which aim to develop and test smaller, more agile, and more autonomous USVs that can perform various missions, such as scouting, countermine, anti-submarine, or electronic warfare
These programs are expected to complement the LUSV program and enhance the Navy’s capabilities and flexibility in the future.
The Navy’s unmanned surface vessel programs are part of a broader effort to leverage new technologies and concepts to address the challenges and opportunities posed by the changing strategic environment.
Unmanned vessels, according to their advocates, help solve both the problems of budget constraints and anti-access and area-denial threats.
They are ostensibly cheaper than manned ships, so the Navy can build a larger fleet under constrained budgets. And, since unmanned vessels do not risk human life, they can be deployed within those areas where A2/AD capabilities pose a threat .
However, unmanned vessels also come with a host of unknown risks and challenges, such as technical reliability, cyber vulnerability, legal liability, ethical dilemmas, command and control issues, and human-machine interaction.
These issues will require careful consideration and experimentation before unmanned vessels can be fully integrated into the Navy’s operations and doctrine.
Moreover, unmanned vessels are not a silver bullet that can solve all the Navy’s problems.
They still require manned support and protection, and they may not be able to perform all the functions and roles that manned ships can, such as diplomacy, deterrence, or humanitarian assistance. Unmanned vessels are not a replacement for manned ships, but rather a supplement and an enabler for them.
The Navy’s unmanned surface vessel programs are an ambitious and innovative attempt to transform the Navy’s fleet and capabilities in the face of emerging threats and opportunities. The successful test of the diesel generator for USV operations is a major achievement that paves the way for the development and acquisition of the LUSV, a key component of the Navy’s hybrid fleet vision.
However, the Navy still faces many challenges and uncertainties in implementing and integrating unmanned vessels into its operations and doctrine.
The Navy will need to continue to test, evaluate, and refine its unmanned surface vessel programs, as well as to address the various oversight issues and concerns raised by Congress and other stakeholders.
Unmanned vessels are the future of the Navy, but they are not the only future. The Navy will need to balance its investments and efforts between manned and unmanned ships, as well as between sea control and sea denial, to achieve a fleet that is capable, credible, and adaptable.
The U.S. Navy destroyer Carney shot down multiple missiles and drones fired by Iranian-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen on U.S. Navy
The US Navy has a vital role in ensuring the security and stability of the Middle East and the world. However, recent events have shown that the Navy is facing new and complex threats in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, two strategic waterways that connect Europe, Asia and Africa.
Why the Red Sea matters
The Red Sea is a narrow and shallow body of water that separates Africa from the Arabian Peninsula. It is a crucial route for global trade, as it links the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean through the Suez Canal. According to the US Energy Information Administration, about 9% of the world’s seaborne oil trade passes through the Red Sea.
The Red Sea is also a hotspot for regional conflicts and tensions. On one side, there is Yemen, where a civil war has been raging since 2014 between the internationally recognized government and the Iran-backed Houthi rebels. The Houthis have repeatedly attacked Saudi Arabia, a US ally and the leader of a coalition that supports the Yemeni government, with missiles, drones and naval mines. The Houthis have also targeted commercial ships and oil tankers in the Red Sea, posing a threat to maritime security and the global energy supply
On the other side, there is Egypt, which controls the Suez Canal and has a long-standing rivalry with Ethiopia over the Nile River. Ethiopia is building a massive hydroelectric dam on the Nile, which Egypt fears will reduce its share of the water and endanger its food security. The dispute has escalated into a diplomatic crisis, with both countries accusing each other of violating international law and threatening military action. The US has tried to mediate the conflict, but so far without success.
Why the Suez Canal matters
The Suez Canal is a man-made waterway that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. It was built by the French in the 19th century and nationalized by Egypt in 1956, sparking a war with Britain, France and Israel. The canal was closed twice in the 20th century, during the Suez Crisis of 1956 and the Six-Day War of 1967, disrupting global trade and triggering oil crises. The canal was reopened in 1975 and has since been expanded and modernized to accommodate larger ships and more traffic.
The Suez Canal is one of the most important chokepoints in the world, as it allows ships to avoid the long and costly detour around Africa. According to the Suez Canal Authority, about 50 ships pass through the canal every day, carrying about 12% of the world’s trade and 8% of the world’s oil. The canal is also a strategic asset for the US Navy, as it enables the rapid deployment of naval forces from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean and vice versa.
The Suez Canal, however, is not immune to accidents and disruptions. In March 2021, a giant container ship, the Ever Given, ran aground in the canal and blocked it for six days, causing a massive traffic jam and a global supply chain crisis. The incident highlighted the vulnerability of the canal to human error, technical failure and bad weather. It also raised questions about the adequacy of the canal’s infrastructure, management and security
Why America should care
The US has a vital interest in maintaining the security and stability of the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, as they are essential for the global economy, the energy market and the regional balance of power. The US also has a moral and legal obligation to protect its allies and partners in the region, such as Saudi Arabia, Israel and Egypt, from external and internal threats.
The US Navy, therefore, has a key role in safeguarding the freedom of navigation and the flow of commerce in these waterways. The Navy has deployed several ships and aircraft to the region, including the USS Carney, a guided-missile destroyer that has shot down several drones launched by the Houthis in the Red Sea.
In addition to the USS Carney, the US Navy has also announced a new international mission to counter the escalating Houthi attacks on ships in the Red Sea. The mission, dubbed Operation Sentinel, aims to enhance maritime security and deter aggression in the region. The US will work with its allies and partners, such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom, to provide escort and surveillance services to commercial vessels and ensure the freedom of navigation in the vital waterway. The Navy has also offered to help the Egyptian authorities to clear the Suez Canal after the Ever Given incident.
However, the Navy also faces new and complex challenges in the region, such as the increasing sophistication and proliferation of the Houthi weapons, the rising tensions and potential conflicts between Egypt and Ethiopia, and the growing influence and presence of other actors, such as Russia, China and Iran. The Navy also has to balance its resources and priorities with other regions, such as the Indo-Pacific and Europe, where it faces similar or greater threats.
The US Navy, therefore, needs to adapt and innovate to cope with the changing dynamics and demands in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. The Navy needs to enhance its intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities, to detect and deter any hostile or suspicious activities in the region. The Navy also needs to strengthen its cooperation and coordination with its allies and partners, to share information, resources and responsibilities. The Navy also needs to invest in its infrastructure, technology and personnel, to ensure its readiness and resilience.
The Red Sea and the Suez Canal are vital lifelines for the world and the US. The US Navy is the guardian of these lifelines, and it must be prepared and equipped to face any challenges and opportunities in the region.
This just in from Reuters:
U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin announced on Tuesday plans to set up a multinational coalition to safeguard Red Sea shipping called Operation Prosperity Guardian. During a trip to the Middle East, he said the operations would be joined by Britain, Bahrain, Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Seychelles and Spain.
This has been the response according to Reuters
France France’s Defence Ministry said it supported efforts to secure freedom of navigation in the Red Sea and surrounding area and said it already operated in the region. But it said its ships would stay under French command and did not say if it would deploy more naval forces. Advertisement · Scroll to continue Report this ad France has a naval base in the United Arab Emirates and 1,500 troops in Djibouti. Its frigate Languedoc is now in the Red Sea.
Italy Italy’s Defence Ministry said it would send naval frigate Virginio Fasan to the Red Sea to protect its national interests in response to specific requests made by Italian shipowners. It said this was part of its existing operations and was not part of Operation Prosperity Guardian.
Spain
Spain’s Defence Ministry said it would only participate in NATO-led missions or EU-coordinated operations. “We will not participate unilaterally in the Red Sea operation,” it said.
Britain
Britain said destroyer HMS Diamond would join Operation Prosperity Guardian. Britain’s defence ministry said the coalition would operate as part of the U.S.-led CMF.
Others
The Netherlands said it would send two staff officers and Norway said it would send 10 naval officers to Bahrain, the headquarters of CMF.
KEY POINTS ACCORDING T0 CNBC
The U.S. launched Operation Prosperity Guardian, an expansion of its maritime defense force in the Red Sea amid mounting attacks from the Iran-backed Houthi rebel group. Several major companies like BP and Maersk have paused shipping in the Red Sea as danger from Houthi drone strikes escalates. An expanded military presence in the Red Sea comes as the U.S. eyes potential flare-ups of spreading regional conflict as the Israel-Hamas war continues.
Share this blog post with your friends, family, and network to spread the word about the US Navy and its challenges in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. The more people know about the Navy and its role, the more they will appreciate and support it. You can share this blog post on social media, email, or any other platform you prefer. You will also help us to reach more potential supporters.
‘Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power‘
‘Welcome to Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power’ a podcast series that dives into the past, present, and future of the U.S. Navy and its impact on the world. This is the inaugural discussion of our series where we will introduce the main themes, topics and the speakers that we will explore in the coming episodes.
Before we dive into our inaugural discussion, we want to remind you that this series is not just a one-time event, but a continuous conversation that we started in our pre event blog post. In that post, we introduced the main themes, topics, and speakers that we will explore in this series, as well as the historical context and relevance of the U.S. Navy’s role and contribution in the global maritime commons, we also invited you to join us in this journey of learning and discovery, and to share your thoughts and questions with us and our guests.
I’m Bill Cullifer, the founder of the Americans for a Stronger Navy, a non-profit organization that advocates for a robust and resilient naval force. In this series, ‘Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power’ is an essential series that addresses the pressing challenges the U.S. Navy confronts in an era of evolving global threats.
As the United States navigates shifting geopolitical dynamics and grapples with a rising Chinese military threat, the challenges faced by the Navy have never been more critical to our national security.
Together, we’ll explore how the Navy has shaped and been shaped by the history, culture, and politics of the United States and its allies and adversaries. We’ll also discuss the current and emerging challenges and opportunities that the Navy faces in a complex and dynamic global environment, and how it can chart a course for success and security in the 21st century and beyond.
Joining me today is Dale A. Jenkins, the author of “Diplomats and Admirals” and a senior advisor at the Americans for a Stronger Navy. We have invited leaders and experts in naval and national defense to make podcasts with us that will be posted on our website on a weekly schedule. This is a transcript of the inaugural discussion.
Speakersand Sessions
Episode 1: Dr. Steven Wills, Navalist for the Center for Maritime Strategy at the Navy League of the United States. – The Anatomy of Naval Strate – December 28, 2023
Dive deep into the world of naval strategy with Dr Steven Wills, who brings a keen eye to the intricacies of strategy development, its challenges, and the integration of diverse naval capabilities. This session promises a thorough exploration of what constitutes U.S. Navy strategy, its objectives, and how it shapes the nation’s maritime future.
Episode 2:Dr. Bruce Jones, Senior Fellow – Foreign Policy, Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Brookings Institution. – Maritime Power Through History and Future – January 4, 2024
Join Dr. Bruce Jones for a historical and global perspective on maritime power. This session connects past and present maritime dynamics, exploring the influence of trade, climate change, and geopolitical shifts. Gain insights into how historical narratives of maritime prowess inform the current dynamics of power and influence in the global maritime domain.
Episode 3: Dr. Sam Tangredi, Leidos Chair of Future Warfare Studies and professor of national, naval, and maritime strategy at the U.S. Naval War College.January 11, 2024.
Embark on a technological journey with Dr. Sam Tangredi, an authority on the integration of AI in naval warfare. This session addresses how AI, big data, and human-machine interfaces are revolutionizing naval operations. Learn about the ethical, legal, and strategic dimensions of AI in the Navy and its profound impact on future naval force structure and capabilities.
Episode 4: Dr. Scott Savitz, Senior Engineer at the RAND Corporation – Innovation at Sea: Non-Lethal Weapons and Uncrewed Platforms – .January 18, 2024.
Explore the cutting-edge of naval innovation with Dr. Scott Savitz, focusing on non-lethal weapons and uncrewed platforms. Understand how these technologies are reshaping naval strategy and operations, their potential risks, and their role in maintaining strategic advantage over global rivals. This session promises insights into the future of naval warfare and national security.
Episode 5: Bryan Clark, senior fellow and director of the Center for Defense Concepts and Technology at Hudson Institute – The Technological Horizon of Naval Warfare – February 1st, 2024.
Delve into the future with as we examine the broad implications of emerging technologies like AI, big data, machine learning, and more in naval warfare. This session covers the integration challenges these technologies pose, their strategic impact, and their role in enhancing interoperability and effectiveness with global allies.⁰
Episode 6: Seth Cropsey, President Yorktown Institute. – Navigating Today’s Naval Challenges – February 8, 2024.
Join us as we explore the complexities of modern naval power with Seth Cropsey, a seasoned expert with extensive experience in the U.S. Naval and Department of Defense realms. This session offers an in-depth look at the current challenges and opportunities facing the Navy, particularly in the context of global rivalries. Discover the strategic insights that set the stage for a comprehensive understanding of contemporary naval dynamics.
Episode 7: Jon Rennie, co-founder, president, and CEO of Peak Demand Inc., – Leadership and Culture in Modern Naval Power –February 15th, 2024.
Conclude our series with Jon Rennie, focusing on the crucial elements of leadership, culture, and the balance between tradition and modernization within the Navy. This session highlights the importance of leadership in navigating the multifaceted challenges and opportunities in naval power, offering a holistic view of the organizational dynamics at play.
Hello and welcome to ‘Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power’, a podcast series brought to you by Americans for a Stronger Navy, a non-profit group that advocates for:
A robust and modern naval force that can deter and defeat threats.
Protection and promotion of trade.
Support of allies and partners around the globe.
I’m Bill Cullifer, founder of Americans for a Stronger Navy and your podcast host.
As a former Us Navy Destroyer Sailor, technology sector community leader, and organizer, I hope to bring a wealth of experience to the conversation and our mission for a stronger Navy.
Alongside me is Dale A. Jenkins, a noted Naval historian and the author of “Diplomats and Admirals”, a comprehensive and investigative research project into WW2 Naval history at Midway.
Dale serves on:
The Samuel Eliot Morison Committee of the Naval Order of the United States in New York.
And is also a Regional Director of the Naval War College Foundation.
Dale also serves as Senior Advisor to the Americans for a Stronger Navy.
Bill: Hello Dale and welcome to the podcast series.
Dale: Thanks Bill. happy to be here.
Bill: Thanks Dale.
The purpose and goal of this series is to:
provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges, and opportunities of the U.S. Navy
and its role in advancing the nation’s interests and values in the world.
This is an essential series that addresses:
The pressing challenges the U.S. Navy confronts in an era of evolving global threats.
As the United States navigates shifting geopolitical dynamics and grapples with:
A rising Chinese military threat in the Taiwan Strait,
Iranian proxies in the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf,
Other adversaries in our own hemisphere, the Navy’s role has never been more critical to our national security.
In this 8 – episode series, we will go beyond mere reporting, diving deep into the heart of these challenges to shed light on their implications and the decisions that will shape the future of American naval power.
We will not only report the facts, but also analyze the implications. We will not only describe the challenges, but also explore the opportunities. We will not only look at the past, but also envision the future.
We believe that:
Understanding these challenges is paramount, as the U.S. Navy is not only a symbol of our nation’s strength but also a key instrument in maintaining global stability.
We hope you will join us for this exciting and informative journey, as we chart the course for the future of American naval power.
Bill: Dale, over to you for additional detail about the sessions.
Dale: Thanks Bill
We have invited leaders and experts in naval and national defense to make podcasts with us that will be posted on our website on a weekly schedule. These weekly podcasts include, Bryan Clark: Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Defense Concepts and Technology at the Hudson Institute, Seth Cropsey: President of the Yorktown Institute, Dr. Bruce Jones: Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, Jon S. Rennie: US Navy Veteran, Business Leader, Author, and Speaker, Dr. Scott Savitz: Senior Engineer at the RAND Corporation, Dr. Sam Tangredi: Leidos Chair of Future Warfare Studies at the U.S. Naval War College. Dr. Steven Wills: Navalist for the Center for Maritime Strategy at the Navy League of the United States.
These podcasts provide in-depth analyses on the latest weapons systems, artificial intelligence (AI), current worldwide national security strategy, force structure and adequacy of naval forces, innovation of new weapon systems and the leadership qualities needed to achieve our naval and national security goals. Vast majority of participants are former Naval officers who have taken their experience in the Navy to new endeavors.
Our podcasts will be one-hour zoom sessions, with a post-show summary with Bill and myself.
Future podcasts will continue to 8 and analyze current and future threats and challenges from China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea. We will be alert for other potential threats. Defense spending and budget, weapon systems, alliances and partnerships, trade and economic policies, human rights and democracy promotion will also be explored.
We are aware of the evolution of the U.S. Navy, not only as a tradition but as a means of drawing on historical events and precedents as they may illuminate current circumstances.
Dale: Bill back to you to explain Why This Matters
Bill: Thanks Dale
In this section, we will explain why this podcast series matters and what we hope to accomplish with it.
Why does this matter?
Because the U.S. Navy is vital for the national security and foreign policy of the United States.
Naval forces cannot be strengthened overrnight, or even in several years.
The Navy must be prepared in advance and have considered strategies to deal with unexpected crises. Crises cannot simply be dealt with by hasty mobilizations or extended deployments, and then written off as cost-free.
Such actions take a toll in maintenance, readiness, and, perhaps most important,
the commitment of officers and sailors to a career that makes strenuous demands on normal human life patterns during periods usually described as peacetime.
The decisions and actions that are taken or not taken on these issues have profound implications and consequences for the future of our nation and the world.values in the global commons, such as the oceans, the air, the space, and the cyberspace, where no one country has sovereignty but everyone has a stake.
The U.S. Navy ensures the freedom
According to a recent survey by the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Institute, 83% of Americans agree that a strong U.S. Navy is critical to protecting our country and our allies, and 79% agree that a strong U.S. Navy is critical to ensuring free trade around the world.
We created this series because we believe that there is a need and demand for a comprehensive and timely assessment of the U.S. military strength and security, especially in the maritime domain.
We also believe that there is a lack and a gap of public awareness and education on these issues,
and that they are relevant and urgent for the security and prosperity of the United States and its allies.
We hope that this series will inform and educate you about the critical issues that affect the U.S. Navy and its role in the world, and inspire and engage you to take action and make a difference.
We also aim to:
Provide factual and balanced information and analysis on the current state and future direction of the U.S. Navy, and the opportunities and challenges that it faces in the 21st century.
• To present diverse and credible perspectives and opinions from experts and stakeholders on the issues and topics that affect the U.S. Navy and its role in the world, and to foster a constructive and respectful dialogue and debate among them.
• To offer practical and actionable suggestions and recommendations on how the U.S. Navy can improve its performance and effectiveness, and how the government and the public can support and sustain the U.S. Navy and its mission.
Bill: Dale, over to you.
Learning Objectives and What We Want Our Audience to Know
• The U.S. Navy is a vital instrument of national security and foreign policy, and it faces many challenges and opportunities in the 21st century.
• The U.S. Navy needs a larger and more capable fleet, which can deter and defeat potential adversaries, protect and promote trade and commerce, and support and strengthen allies and partners, especially in the Indo-Pacific region.
• The U.S. Navy requires more investment and support from the government and the public, to ensure that it maintains its military edge and deterrence capability, and to address the gaps and risks that it faces in terms of capacity, capability, readiness, and modernization.
• The U.S. Navy is a force for good in the world, and it upholds and advances the values and interests of the United States and its allies, such as freedom, democracy, human rights, and peace.
What’s Next – Current status
• In the next episode, we will dive into the topic of the U.S. Navy’s fleet size and composition, and why it matters for the national security and foreign policy of the United States. We will examine the current and projected state of the U.S. Navy’s fleet, the challenges and opportunities that it faces in meeting the 355-ship goal set by Congress, and the trade-offs and choices that are involved in building and maintaining a larger and more capable fleet.
Dale: Over to you Bill
BIll:
Thank you Dale and thank you for listening to this introduction episode of Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power. We hope you enjoyed it and learned something new. Please follow our podcast on your favorite platform, and share it with your friends and family. We would love to hear from you, so please send us your comments and questions to our email address or leave us a voice message on our website. We look forward to hearing from you and engaging with you in this important conversation.
An open letter to America from Americans for a Stronger Navy
About Me
As the founder of Americans for a Stronger Navy and a former member of the United States Navy, I have witnessed firsthand the profound impact that the Navy has on individuals, communities, and our nation. My experience in the Navy was not merely a commitment of time; it profoundly deepened my appreciation and respect for the dedication and sacrifice of those who serve and significantly reshaped my worldview.
Serving in the Navy, I learned the importance of self-discipline, collaborating effectively with others, and adaptability. These values, along with fair play, were not mere abstract concepts but daily practices that guided us through challenging times. They fostered in me a newly found appreciation for the value of unity and respect for tradition.
The sense of shared purpose and my commitment to these values, experienced during my service in the Navy, have been compelling reasons for establishing Americans for a Stronger Navy. This initiative is crucial in addressing the need to advocate for and strengthen our naval forces amidst rising global threats and the safeguarding of critical infrastructure.
About Americans for a Stronger Navy
This organization is not just an education foundation and advocacy group; it is a tribute to the men and women who have served and continue to serve in our Navy. It represents our collective effort to ensure that our Navy remains strong, not just in terms of military might, but as a beacon of hope, freedom, and peace through strength.
We support and promote the Navy’s values and achievements, and encourage people to join or volunteer to support the Navy. We also educate and inform the public about the importance and relevance of the Navy and its role in the world. We believe that a strong Navy is essential for our national security, our global leadership, and our prosperity.
About the Army-Navy Game
The Army-Navy game, an event I hold dear, encapsulates these values and traditions. It’s more than a game; it’s a celebration of our military’s spirit and dedication. As I watched this year’s game, I was reminded of my days in the Navy, the sense of pride and the responsibility it entailed. This game is a vivid representation of the excellence, discipline, and teamwork cultivated in our service members, traits that are essential both on and off the field.
As we reflect on the Army-Navy game of 2023, set against the backdrop of significant historical milestones and current national achievements, it’s a reminder of the enduring legacy and relevance of our naval service. This game, and our ongoing efforts, are not just about supporting the Navy; they are about upholding the values that define us as a nation and as individuals committed to cause greater than ourselves.
The Army-Navy Game 2023: A Win for Both Teams and for America
Dear America,
We are Americans for a Stronger Navy, a group that advocates for a robust U.S. Navy, and believes in peace through strength. We are writing to you today to share our perspective and insights on the Army-Navy game 2023, and to congratulate both teams for a great game.
The game was also a close and exciting one, with both teams showing their skills and spirit. The final score was Army 17, Navy 11. We are proud of our service members and their performance and achievements in the game. We respect and appreciate the players and the teams, and their values and ethics. We thank everyone who supported and cheered for our sailors and soldiers, and we look forward to the next game in 2024.
The game was also a win for the spirit and tradition of the Army-Navy game, as it reflects the values and culture of the military academies and the armed forces. The game is more than just a sporting event, it is a symbol of the honor and duty that the Navy and the Army uphold and embody. It is also a testament to the sportsmanship, the sense of community, and the pride that the Navy and the Army share and inspire.
One of the most touching and inspiring moments of the game was the tradition of singing the alma mater of both schools at the end of the game, and how it showed sportsmanship and unity among the players and the fans.
The tradition also shows the resilience and determination of the players and the teams, who faced many challenges and difficulties during the pandemic, such as limited practice time, frequent testing, and strict protocols. As former Army coach Bob Sutton said, “They’ve gone through more than any other team in America to play this game. They’ve had to do things that most of us can’t even imagine. And yet they’ve done it with such class and such dignity.”
The game also shows the modernization and innovation of the Navy and the Army, and how they are working together to achieve a common goal, and how they are leveraging the latest technology and innovation to enhance their capabilities and performance. The game also shows how the Navy and the Army are collaborating with our allies and partners, and how they are contributing to our national security, our global leadership, and our prosperity.
One of the most exciting and promising developments in this regard is the Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) concept, which the Department of Defense has developed to connect sensors from all branches of the military into a unified network powered by artificial intelligence JADC2 is intended to provide the warfighting capability to sense, make sense, and act at all levels and phases of war, across all domains, and with partners, to deliver information advantage at the speed of relevance.
JADC2 is a game-changer for the Navy and the Army, as it will enable them to operate more effectively and efficiently in all operational domains, across echelons, and with our mission partners. JADC2 will also allow them to use automation, artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and machine learning to improve their decision making and performance in the game and in the battlefield.
The Department of Defense has recently released the JADC2 Implementation Plan, which outlines the vision, goals, objectives, and actions for achieving JADC2 by 2028 . The plan also describes the JADC2 strategy, which consists of four lines of effort: developing joint warfighting concepts and processes, delivering joint network and transport capabilities, integrating joint fires and effects, and advancing joint information advantage.
The Navy and the Army are actively involved in the JADC2 efforts, and have demonstrated their commitment and readiness to implement the JADC2 concept. For example, the Navy has conducted several experiments and exercises to test and evaluate its JADC2 capabilities, such as the Project Overmatch, the Trident Warrior, and the Valiant Shield. The Army has also conducted several experiments and exercises to test and evaluate its JADC2 capabilities, such as the Project Convergence, the Joint Warfighting Assessment, and the Defender Europe.
We are impressed and inspired by the Navy and the Army’s JADC2 achievements, and we are confident that they will continue to lead and excel in this domain. We believe that JADC2 is not only a vital component of our national defense, but also a reflection of our national values and identity. JADC2 represents our ability to join forces across all domains and with allies, and to use the best of our technology and innovation to protect and advance our interests and ideals.
We hope that you are as excited and proud of the Navy and the Army’s JADC2 efforts as we are. We hope that you will join us in supporting and cheering for the Navy and the Army in the next game, and in the future. We hope that you will also consider donating or volunteering for the Navy or the Army, or joining or recommending the Navy or the Army as a career option. We hope that you will also recognize and appreciate the impact and benefits of JADC2 for the Navy and the nation, and how it showcases the strength and excellence of the naval service.
We are Americans for a Stronger Navy, and we believe in peace through strength. We are proud of our Navy, and we are proud of our country. Go Navy, Beat Army!
Today, on Pearl Harbor Day, we at Americans for a Stronger Navy pause to remember and honor the sacrifices made on December 7, 1941. This day, a pivotal moment in our nation’s history, reminds us of the bravery and resilience of those who faced unimaginable adversity. As we reflect on the events of that day, we reaffirm our commitment to remembering our past and learning from it.
The attack on Pearl Harbor shaped the course of World War II and transformed the future of naval power. It’s a stark reminder of the need for vigilance, preparedness, and the continuous evolution of naval strategy. As we pay tribute to the heroes of that day, their legacy inspires us to ensure such history does not repeat itself.
In this spirit, we are proud to introduce our educational series, ‘Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power.’ Hosted by me, Bill Cullifer, this series connects the enduring lessons of World War II to today’s naval challenges. Starting today, we embark on an eight-week journey exploring how the echoes of history inform our present and future naval strategies.
Through ‘Charting the Course,’ we aim to deepen our understanding of naval history and its impact on contemporary naval power. Join us as we discuss various topics from the evolution of shipbuilding to the role of AI in naval operations, all while keeping the lessons of Pearl Harbor and WWII at the forefront.
For more details on the series and to access our featured resource ‘Echoes of History: Steering the Future,’ visit StrongerNavy.org. Follow us on social media for updates and insights.
Let’s honor the past and responsibly steer our future. Together, we remember, we learn, and we grow stronger.
I’ve had the privilege of engaging with multiple experts at the forefront of naval innovation and strategy.
These conversations have illuminated the significant technological strides and forward thinking in the U.S. Navy, particularly in the realm of autonomous vessels.
During a brief pause in these discussions, my thoughts drifted to the storied Army-Navy football game set for December 9, 2023. This annual event, steeped in tradition and camaraderie, sparked a curious reflection on the future intersection of technology and tradition.
In a creative moment, I envisioned autonomous Army and Navy football players – a fusion of technology and sport. This vision, while fascinating in a technological sense, also stirred a poignant realization.
The rapid evolution of autonomous technologies, while enhancing our naval capabilities, might also mean that future generations could miss out on traditional experiences. The prospect of serving at sea or competing on the football field might become memories of a bygone era.
This duality is at the heart of our upcoming series. While we explore the technological advancements and their implications for national security, we must also acknowledge the sentimental aspects. The camaraderie of sailors at sea, the saltiness in the air, the taste of ballpark hot dogs, and the roar of the crowd at a football game – these are experiences that shape character, foster bonds, and define human experiences.
As members and friends of Americans for a Stronger Navy, you understand the delicate balance between embracing innovation and preserving tradition. Our naval history is rich with tales of bravery and unity, and our future promises unprecedented technological prowess.
Let’s embrace this journey together, exploring how these advancements will shape the U.S. Navy while remembering the human element that has always been its backbone. The future of American naval power is not just about ships and technology; it’s about the people who serve and the traditions that bind us.
Dear Members and Friends of Americans for a Stronger Navy,
Our Deepest Gratitude This Thanksgiving
Bill Cullifer, Founder
As we gather with our loved ones to celebrate Thanksgiving, it’s a poignant time to reflect and express our deepest gratitude to the men and women serving in the United States Navy. These sailors, stationed across the globe from the decks of mighty aircraft carriers, destroyers, and support ships to the silent realms of the deep sea, showcase unwavering commitment and dedication every day.
A Unified Force: Celebrating Every Division and Unit
The Navy is a complex and diverse organization, with each division and unit playing a crucial role in the fulfillment of its overarching mission. This Thanksgiving, we honor the unique and essential contributions of each facet of our Navy:
Surface Fleet: Our surface warriors manage a vast array of sophisticated warships, ensuring a strong and visible naval presence.
Submarine Force: The silent service, operating beneath the waves, plays a critical role in deterrence and intelligence gathering.
Naval Aviation: The eyes in the sky, these pilots and their support teams provide essential air power and support to naval operations.
SEAL Teams and Special Warfare: Embodiments of resilience and bravery, undertaking the most challenging missions to protect our nation.
Naval Construction Forces (Seabees): The builders and protectors, essential to the construction and maintenance of naval facilities.
Logistics and Supply Units: The lifeline of the Navy, ensuring that our forces are always ready and well-equipped.
Medical and Chaplain Corps: The heart and soul, providing vital care and spiritual support to our sailors.
To the Families Behind Our Sailors
We extend our heartfelt thanks to the families of our Navy personnel. Your sacrifices and support form the foundation of our sailors’ strength. This Thanksgiving, we recognize and celebrate your resilience and unwavering spirit.
A Thanksgiving Message of Thanks
To each sailor serving across every division and unit, and to their families – our Thanksgiving is more meaningful because of your commitment and sacrifices. Your dedication safeguards our freedoms and upholds our nation’s values. We are eternally grateful and inspired by your service.
Join Our Mission
This Thanksgiving, let us renew our commitment to supporting our Navy. We invite you to join Americans for a Stronger Navy in advocating for the resources and recognition our sailors and their families deserve. Your involvement can make a significant difference.
Lone Sailor, Oahu Naval Base Honolulu, HI – Wikipedia
Welcome to Episode 3
Dear Members and Friends,
Bill Cullifer, Founder
As Thanksgiving 2023 approaches, a time for reflection and gratitude, I find myself moved by the stories of dedication, sacrifice, and courage that we’ve had the honor of sharing through our platform. As the founder of the Americans for a Stronger Navy, it has been my privilege to bring to light individuals like Dan Maloney, whose life and service to our nation exemplify the best of the American spirit.
This Thanksgiving, I want to extend my heartfelt thanks to each of you – for your support, and your belief in our mission. Your participation not only enriches our community but also fuels our commitment to preserving and celebrating these important narratives.
The stories we share are more than just accounts of military service; they are personal journeys that reveal the depth of human resilience, the strength of character, and the profound impact one individual can have. Dan’s story, among many others, is a testament to this. His experiences, challenges, and triumphs offer us a window into a life dedicated to something greater than oneself, inspiring us all to reflect on our own paths and contributions.
As we gather with our loved ones this holiday season, let us remember and honor the sacrifices of those who have served our nation. Their stories are not just a part of our history; they are a beacon that guides our future.
I encourage each of you to take a moment to share your stories or the stories of those you know. Every voice matters, every story adds a unique thread to the rich tapestry of our collective history. Let’s continue to build this legacy together, fostering a community where every sacrifice is remembered, and every story is cherished.
Wishing you and your families a warm, joyful, and reflective Thanksgiving.
We introduced Dan Maloney, whose face remarkably inspired the statue, and delved into the creation process, the artist’s vision, and the intricate approval journey the statue underwent.
This episode promised a deeper dive into Maloney’s life, exploring his shared memories, challenges, and how his journey intertwines with the story of the Lone Sailor, including a unique segment featuring written questions and answers directly from Dan.
As teased in our previous episode, today we set sail into the captivating life story of Dan Maloney, the man whose visage inspired the Lone Sailor statue.
The Origin of The Lone Sailor
Dan shared the history and significance of The Lone Sailor statue, dating back to its inception in the 1980s as an initiative by the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation. The statue stands as a tribute to sailors’ dedication, sacrifice, and contributions to the country.
The Early Years: Foundations of a Sailor
Lone Sailor Project
In this episode, you’ll journey through Maloney’s early aspirations, his unexpected entry into the Navy, and the diverse experiences that shaped him into the figure immortalized in bronze. We’ll explore his motivations, the intricacies of his recruitment, and the unique circumstances that led him to embrace the Navy as a lifelong commitment.
Dan’s story is a compelling narrative of naval service, embodying adaptability, determination, and the art of navigating life’s unexpected courses.
The Lure of the Navy
Dan described the allure of the Navy as a blend of patriotism, a sense of adventure, and the promise of personal development. The Navy provided an opportunity to be part of something bigger than oneself, offering both challenges and rewards that resonate on a personal and national level.
What inspired your initial decision to join the Navy instead of pursuing your initial dream of becoming a veterinarian, and how did the advice and stories from a Cryptologic Technician influence your choice, especially regarding the nuclear power program?
Answering the Call: Joining the Navy
After high school, I was accepted to the University of Maryland with dreams of becoming a veterinarian. My older sister was in her junior year at Maryland and was struggling with her mounting student loan debt. I had a good job as the manager of a busy liquor store on Route 1 in Laurel, MD but was still living with my mom. It quickly became evident that I needed to get out from under her roof and rules. One of my cashiers was the wife of a second class petty officer. He was a Cryptologic Technician (Interpretive) brushing up on his Russian language skills at Fort Meade.
Dan Maloney, Recruit Drill Company RTC San Diego, CA. 1979
One evening over beers, in response to me talking about my future plans, he recommended I join the navy. He also specified that I join the nuclear power program (more money) and join the drill company in boot camp to avoid washing dishes during service week. He told me stories of guys who got everything they needed from the navy and saved all of their paychecks in a shoebox. I never met anyone like that.
Can you share your thought process behind choosing the Navy over other military branches, particularly focusing on the unique opportunities presented by the nuclear power training?
Nuclear power training was not available anywhere else and I looked at the casualty numbers from past wars and determined I was more likely to survive in the navy if we went to war again. I only intended to do the six years required to go into nuclear power and then get out and work in the lucrative civilian nuclear industry. While I was in boot camp, the accident at Three Mile Island occurred and that was when I began thinking about staying in the navy.
Trials of Recruitment
The recruitment process, as narrated by Dan, tested the mettle of prospective sailors. It was an initiation into the Navy’s ethos, demanding both physical endurance and mental resilience. From rigorous screenings to the anticipation of a new life chapter, recruitment epitomized the start of the naval odyssey.
When and where did you enlist?
I enlisted in January 1979 after visiting the local recruiter.
Tell me about the recruitment process? Did it go smoothly?
The Rigors of Recruitment
The process was very fast. I told the recruiter I wanted to be a “nuke” and, spying my shoulder length hair and scruffy army jacket, he told me to slow down because I needed to take the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery test first and, if I did OK on that, he would then administer the Nuclear Field Qualification Test. I did very well on both tests and the recruiter’s demeanor changed immediately because he was excited by the extra credit he would receive for inducting a nuke. He showed me a video about the nuclear power program that was narrated by William Shatner and featured the aircraft carrier Enterprise. My physical went well and I was informed that I would be sent to Great Lakes for boot camp.
I pushed back and said I wanted to go to San Diego because it was too cold in Illinois in February and I had been to Orlando on vacation already. They didn’t want to risk losing a nuke so my request was granted. I took my first plane ride three weeks later.
Boot Camp
Boot Camp was a transformative phase for Dan. It distilled the essence of discipline, teamwork, and the naval ethos into intense training sessions. Through sweat, toil, and camaraderie, recruits evolved from novices to adept sailors, ready for the vast seas.
Recruit Training Command San Diego
My first twenty-four hours in the navy were remarkable. On the plane trip to San Diego, I met some sailors returning from leave. They were kind enough to offer me a ride to the base so I didn’t stick around at the airport for the Recruit Training Command (RTC) bus as directed. My new friends dropped me off at the Naval Training Center gate and bid me good luck. The gate guard was flummoxed because he didn’t know what to do with me. He contacted the RTC and they sent somebody to come gather me up. That was when I received my first ass chewing in the navy. I was instructed, very forcefully, that my days of showing any initiative were over. I was brought to the barracks where most of the new recruits were fast asleep because it was past midnight. I was shocked to see clothing draped everywhere. It seemed very untidy for the military. I also noticed a person walking around the barracks in a very deliberate manner. I didn’t trust him so I placed my wallet under my pillow. I was clueless about the role of the roving watch. Less than an hour later, he woke me up and said I had the next watch. I had no idea what he was talking about so I exclaimed, “I haven’t even gotten my hair cut yet!” and demanded to see the “Captain.” A senior petty officer soon resolved the situation and told me to go back to sleep.
What were your initial impressions and experiences during boot camp? Can you share any particular challenges or memorable moments that stood out?
Blue Jackets Manual
I experienced the usual culture shock that all recruits go through in the first couple of weeks. I quickly realized that I had more life experience and street smarts than many of my fellow recruits. I thought the food was decent and enjoyed the occasional smoke break. I thought it was odd we were prohibited from using the urinals but soon learned it was the savvy move of an experienced Company Commander (CC) to keep the urinals pristine for barracks inspections.
There were two memorable events that almost derailed my navy career before it even began. The first event involved the difference between boxers and briefs. I was issued boxers while it seemed everyone else had been given briefs. The boxers were very blousy and difficult to stow neatly in the locker no matter how many times I ironed them with my Blue Jacket Manual. The boxers were preventing me from passing locker inspections and I quickly tired of being severely reprimanded by my CC. After a week of that, I decided I was done. I told the CC I didn’t care if I had to go to Leavenworth, I wanted out of the navy. It was a weekend so the CC arranged for me to talk to the chaplain via the telephone. There was another recruit who wanted out too so he joined us at the duty office. He talked to the chaplain first and started bawling about being homesick. I thought he sounded a little pathetic. When my CC said it was my turn I said, “That’s OK, I’m good. I’ll see you on graduation day.” That night, I snuck into the head and got my boxers nice and damp before folding them. The folds held perfectly even after drying. I wore the same pair of boxers for the remainder of boot camp and passed all subsequent locker inspections.
The second event involved an argument and on-going conflict with another recruit. He was in the army before so everyone called him Sarge. He was an imposing man and a few years older than most of us. He fancied himself a bully. He joined under the buddy program and his buddy was a chubby and lippy kid who derived his swagger from his association with Sarge. Sunday mornings provided the only free time we got in boot camp. That time was set aside for writing letters to loved ones and we were allowed to listen to the radio. The Recruit Company Commander (RCC) was the only recruit allowed to touch the radio. Sarge violated that rule and changed the radio station to his liking. That made many of us unhappy and loud arguments ensued. Sarge tried to bully us but I wasn’t about to take any of his nonsense. He was bigger than me but I also stood at 6’2” and 190 pounds. I did not back down. We were separated by the CC and directed to explain what happened. Sarge lost his spot in our drill company and was reassigned to a regular company that would be working in the galley the following week. Sarge was relaying threats to me via his buddy. During his week in the galley, Sarge would stand behind the silverware holding a knife in front of his face and glare at me while I moved down the line. Like most bullies, he was all talk. After graduation, I approached him and his buddy in the enlisted club and asked about his threats. He quickly said he didn’t want any beef and that was that. Welcome to the navy!
How did your mom feel about your decision to join the Navy?
Dan Maloney and family
She was a little shocked about how soon I would be leaving but was overall proud. She had always wished I would go to the Naval Academy so she was definitely pro-Navy. My involvement as the model for the Lone Sailor and commissioning as an officer has made her immensely proud. My late father was very proud of my accomplishments too. He had served in the army and the National Security Agency so he understood selfless service better than most.
What duties did you perform?
Life at Sea: The Submarine Experience
The US Navy has a total of 18 Ohio-class submarines which consist of 14 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), and four cruise missile submarines (SSGNs).
As a nuclear-trained Machinist Mate, I was responsible for operating and maintaining the nuclear reactor and steam plant that drives the main propulsion turbines and the electrical generating turbines. I also operated the evaporator that boiled seawater to create fresh water. I could make 12,000 gallons per day. I operated and maintained four 200-ton air conditioning plants that cooled the entire submarine and all electrical equipment.
Sea Tales and Specialties
Dan regaled with tales from the deep blue, from harrowing storms to moments of camaraderie under the vast sky. Each sailor had a specialty, be it navigation, engineering, or communications, ensuring the smooth sailing of the ship and fostering bonds of brotherhood.
Can you describe the various roles or positions you held during your time in the Navy? Where were you stationed, and what were some of your primary responsibilities in these roles?
1979: Machinist Mate “A” School, Great Lakes, IL (Advanced to MM3)
1979: USS LEXINGTON CVT-16, Pensacola, FL
1980: Naval Nuclear Power School. Orlando, FL (Advanced to MM2)
1980: Nuclear Power Training Unit (NPTU), Trident (S8G) Prototype, West Milton, NY
1980-1983: Instructor Duty NPTU, West Milton, NY (Advanced to MM1)
1983-1984: Pre-Commissioning Unit ALABAMA, Electric Boat Shipyard, Groton, CT
1984-1989: USS ALABAMA SSBN-731 (Gold), Bangor, WA (Selected as Sailor of the Year 1988 for ALABAMA and Submarine Group Nine)
1989-1992: Trident Training Facility, Bangor, WA (Advanced to MMC and ENS and certified as a Master Training Specialist) (Selected as Engineering Instructor of the Year 1991)
1992-1997: Naval Reactors Representatives Office, Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard (Advanced to LTJG and LT)
1997-2000: Fleet Maintenance Officer, Commander, Submarine Force, US Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbor Submarine Base
2000-2003: Maintenance Officer, Naval Submarine Support Command, Pearl Harbor Submarine Base (Advanced to LCDR)
2003-2004: Operational Type Desk Officer, Commander, Submarine Force, US Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbor Submarine Base (Retired from Active Duty)
2005-Present: Modernization Program Manager (GS-13), Commander, Submarine Force, US Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbor Submarine Base
Could you share about any specialized or extra training you received during your time in the Navy, and how it impacted your naval career?
Climbing the Ranks: From Sailor to Leader
In addition to Nuclear Training, I received specialized instruction to better understand the theory, operation, and maintenance of the various equipment I was responsible for on the submarine. I also received instruction in quality assurance, curriculum development, and lathe operation. Continuing training on reactor plant theory, operation, and casualty response is a daily occurrence when assigned to an operational reactor whether ashore or at sea.
Can you describe the process of how assignments were chosen in the Navy? Did you have any say in selecting your initial placement or specialization, and how did that decision come about?
I graduated #1 in my class at the Trident S8G prototype at NPTU and was picked up as an instructor for a three year tour. Wanting to stay on Trident submarines, I volunteered to join the initial manning of the submarine PCU ALABAMA undergoing new construction at EB. After new construction, I opted to do back-to-back sea tours on USS ALABAMA. I chose my shore duty at the Trident Training Facility. Upon receiving my commission and acceptance as a member of the Naval Reactors staff, I was assigned to the field office at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. This was the first time I did not get my first choice. I wanted to stay in Washington State but was given my third choice (Hawaii). Once I decided Hawaii would be my forever home, I successfully negotiated Hawaii for my last three active duty assignments. I was thrilled when I landed a federal job at my last duty assignment.
Dan Maloney, Chief Petty Officer Machinist Mate
Life Enlisted
Life enlisted was characterized by a structured regimen, responsibilities, and an unyielding commitment to duty. Beyond the tasks, it was a life enriched by bonds forged in adversity, the pride of service, and the continuous pursuit of personal and professional growth.
Reflecting on your naval career, with its unique challenges and rewards, could you delve into what made your time in the nuclear power field particularly fulfilling? How did the experience shape your journey, especially with significant milestones like becoming a Chief Petty Officer and receiving a Limited Duty Officer commission?
It was very rewarding. Nuclear Power training is a demanding pipeline and many do not make it through. The nuclear field is stressful duty that taxes both the body and mind. I truly enjoyed working with such high caliber and intelligent sailors and officers. Advancing to Chief Petty Officer and receiving a Limited Duty Officer commission were my fondest achievements. Achieving those milestones was acknowledgement for some incredibly hard and dedicated work over the years. I was treated very differently after I put on khakis. It was well worth the effort.
Navigating the Cold War Waters
Dan’s tenure saw the Cold War’s intrigues. The Navy played a pivotal role, maintaining a delicate balance between power projection and diplomacy. It was a period of heightened vigilance, strategy, and the omnipresent responsibility of safeguarding national interests.
Reflecting on the day you were chosen as the model for the Lone Sailor statue, what were your thoughts and emotions, and how do you believe they were captured in the statue’s expression?
I was thrilled to be selected as the model. I was admittedly brash and confident as a young man in my mid-twenties and I think that shows in the statue’s face. I am proud to be an American and I strongly felt that my job in the navy was very important to help maintain our nation’s security. I approach all aspects of my job with a seriousness and sense of purpose. I think all of that comes through.
Side note: I was always very meticulous about my uniform. You will note a difference between the cut of the pants in Bleifeld’s first two attempts with other models and the Lone Sailor. The pants on the first two are loose hanging and the hem travels in a straight line from the hip to the cuff. The Lone Sailor’s pants hug the thighs and then bellow out into the bell bottom starting at the knee. Crackerjacks issued at boot camp have pants that look like the first two. I had my crackerjacks professionally tailored while at “A” school in Great Lakes and I really think that is what visually set the Lone Sailor apart from the earlier versions.
How much time did you spend at sea?
USS Alabama (SSBN 731), The Alabama is one of eight ballistic-missile submarines stationed at the base, providing the most survivable leg of the strategic deterrence triad for the United States
In my twenty-six years in the navy I spent less time at sea than most. Except for a four month tour on the carrier LEXINGTON, I was in the navy for over 6 years before getting underway on the USS ALABAMA. spent the next five years making patrols. Once I became an officer, I was assigned to various operational staff jobs so I spent time underway on almost every submarine operating in the Pacific area of operations.
Can you describe your experience of being at sea, particularly the aspects you found most enjoyable and challenging, and how the Navy’s approach to aspects like sleep and equipment maintenance impacted your time underway?
I enjoyed being at sea more than the work necessary to get underway. I thoroughly loved to operate the nuclear power plant and main engines. While absolutely necessary, I wasn’t a big fan of the constant casualty drills and training lectures. The absolute worst underway was Alpha Sea Trials on ALABAMA. We had to conduct over 24 hours of testing on the surface before we could execute our first ever dive. That wouldn’t have been so bad but a serious Nor’easter was tossing us around and many sailors and shipyard workers were very seasick. It wasn’t pretty. Getting enough good sleep was always a problem. I’m glad the navy has changed their policies about the need for better sleep. While underway, I derived the most pleasure from fixing a piece of broken equipment.
Rise to an Officer
Dan Maloney, LCDR
Dan’s ascent to officer rank was a journey of perseverance, learning, and leadership. It epitomized his dedication, the trust bestowed upon him by peers and superiors, and his commitment to lead with integrity and vision.
What influenced your decision to pursue officer training, and how did this choice align with your career aspirations in the Navy?
I had many supervisors during my career that followed the same path. It just seemed like the right thing to do and I knew I had a strong record of sustained superior performance. There was also a period of time when I was trying to make chief where the numbers were against me. It took me five attempts to make chief and it wasn’t due to lack of effort or qualifications. In a two year period there was only one advancement spot for a submarine nuclear machinist mate. I was stuck in a deep advancement valley that I feared would still be the case for future advancement to senior and master chief.
Of course, the increase in pay and benefits was a motivating factor.
I wanted to work for Naval Reactors but that was a blessing and a curse. It was a five year commitment and also meant I had to work in a shipyard. I had some shipyard experience at Electric Boat but wasn’t prepared for what my new oversight role at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard would entail. Every day was 14-16 hours plus calls at home throughout the night. I had to write a weekly letter to the four-star admiral in charge of Naval Reactors explaining what I had done the previous week to improve his program. It was intellectually challenging work. I was relieved when I fulfilled my commitment to NR and was able to don the uniform again. I was required to wear civilian attire (shirt and tie) while at NR because I was dual assigned to the Department of Navy and the Department of Energy. Also, since I was representing the four-star, he didn’t want anyone knowing what ranks we held because we were often junior to the submarine commanding officers we monitored. The tie let everyone in the shipyard know that we were one of the admiral’s men. I was elated to put my khakis back on and go back to sea on submarines. I was even happier when I retired from the navy so I could wear an aloha shirt to the office.
Essence of Naval Service
Dan emphasizes the essence of naval service as a deep-rooted commitment to the nation, its principles, and fellow servicemen. Beyond mere defense, it’s a dedication to values like discipline, integrity, and camaraderie. The legacy and honor of the naval service act as guiding pillars throughout service.
Can you recall a specific moment in the Navy that significantly influenced your career or personal growth?
Turbulent Seas and Internal Struggles
Beyond external challenges, Dan spoke of the internal battles sailors often grappled with – from homesickness to navigating interpersonal dynamics onboard. The sea’s vastness could evoke introspection, with sailors drawing strength from their training and each other.
There were many moments but my assignment in 1979 to the Machinery Division on the WWII-era aircraft carrier USS LEXINGTON (CVT-16) provided all the motivation I would need to make it through nuclear power training. I was fresh out of Machinist Mate “A” school so this was my initial fleet experience. The engine rooms and boiler rooms were incredibly hot and the only relief was standing directly beneath the ventilation ducting. At the end of each watch, your last four hours of logs had to be transcribed onto a clean set of logs because sweat caused the original log sheets to become blurry.
This was also my first experience with navy hazing rituals. I was gang tackled in berthing by my division and covered from head to toe in grease and Prussian bluing. I got in a few good punches but certainly got the worse end of the initiation. That was my first initiation but not the last. My Shellback and Chief initiations were of the ‘old school’ variety. They were ribald, disgusting, and fun but the navy has changed a lot since then. Probably for the better.
I learned a lot about the navy in those first months in the fleet and vowed to do whatever it took to succeed in the nuclear power program. I knew I would do anything to avoid returning to the engine rooms of the oil-fired navy.
Overcoming Challenges within the Navy
Dan’s nautical odyssey was punctuated by myriad challenges, from deciphering ship nuances to addressing operational dilemmas. However, a solid support framework, mentorship, and comradeship transformed these impediments into growth catalysts.
Were there challenging experiences that molded you as a sailor? How did you navigate them?
Getting through the first six months of the nuclear power training pipeline was, by far, the most challenging academic pursuit I have experienced. There were extremely fast-paced classes in math, physics, reactor principles, heat transfer/fluid flow, electrical theory, and chemistry. The classes were five days a week, eight hours per day. It usually took four or more hours to finish the daily homework and 8-12 hours of homework on the weekends. All of the material was classified so it had to be done in the schoolhouse. Students with poor grades were assigned mandatory study hours (usually 30-40 hours/week). I had decent grades (3.7 on a 4.0 scale) and avoided mandatory study but even above average students struggled with the sheer volume of the material. Many did not make the cut. Those that did make it (2.5 to survive) were reassigned to the prototype phase to continue training on a land-based operational reactor. I was assigned to the Trident submarine prototype in upstate New York where I finished at the top of my class. My assignment to the fleet was delayed for three years because I was retained as an instructor. My confidence was sky high after succeeding in such a demanding environment. The father of the nuclear navy, Admiral Rickover, had a quote that was inspirational and helped mold me for the rest of my career. He said, “Responsibility is a unique concept… You may share it with others, but your portion is not diminished. You may delegate it, but it is still with you… If responsibility is rightfully yours, no evasion, or ignorance or passing the blame can shift the burden to someone else. Unless you can point your finger at the man who is responsible when something goes wrong, then you have never had anyone really responsible”.
Did you have mentors in the Navy? How did they guide or inspire you?
I always looked up to the Chief Petty Officers that I served with in my first decade in the navy. Their ability to handle the technical demands of the job and train their reliefs simultaneously was impressive. The CPOs instilled the absolute necessity for integrity in all matters and the pride in doing your job to the absolute best of your ability. I’m reminded of another Rickover quote that applies. He said, “A good manager must have unshakeable determination and tenacity. Deciding what needs to be done is easy, getting it done is more difficult. Good ideas are not adopted automatically. They must be driven into practice with courageous impatience. Once implemented they can be easily overturned or subverted through apathy or lack of follow-up, so a continuous effort is required. Too often, important problems are recognized but no one is willing to sustain the effort needed to solve them”. I only met Admiral Rickover once but he was omnipresent in my career and a mentor for every nuke that has ever served.
How would you describe the essence of naval service to someone unfamiliar with it? What does it mean to you?
Serving in the navy requires surrendering to a cause that is larger than your own desires. Especially important in the submarine service, you must acknowledge that every member of the crew, from the Commanding Officer to the non-rated sailor, has an integral role in the warfighting capability of your ship. For me, the navy meant unlimited opportunity for a better life for me and my family. I was confident that if I performed each task to the utmost of my ability that I would not have to worry about my next assignment or promotion. I also felt strongly that the ballistic missile submarine’s primary mission of deterring nuclear war was necessary and admirable.
Emotions and Memories: The Lone Sailor Statue
Lone Sailor bronze Statue
The Lone Sailor statue stirs a plethora of emotions in Dan, encompassing pride, nostalgia, gratitude, and belongingness. It epitomizes every sailor, especially those who’ve given their all. The detailed features reflect the life trajectory of a sailor, encapsulating common experiences and the undying navy spirit.
When you see the Lone Sailor statue, what emotions or memories surface? How do you hope others connect with it?
The prevailing emotion whenever I think about the Lone Sailor is pride. I’m proud that I was considered worthy of the honor to serve as the model but also proud of my forty-four years and counting of service to the submarine force. When I visit any of the statues I always experience a visceral reaction upon laying my hand on the peacoat. I feel a momentary Ponce de Leon Fountain of Youth rush of memories that transport me back to my twenties. That emotion is fleeting but it happens every time.
The thing that brings me the most joy is the universal acceptance of the Lone Sailor by all sailors, past and present. My mother recalled how many of the WWII sailors present at the dedication of the original statue in 1987 shed a tear upon seeing the statue for the first time. That’s the beauty of the design. Sailors see themselves in the face of that statue. Many people say that the sailor looks just like the sailor in their life when they were young. It is my sincere hope that sailors experience the same rush of memories I feel every time they see or touch the Lone Sailor statue.
Wisdom and Lessons
Dan’s naval tenure was a repository of wisdom and lessons, both explicit and tacit. From the importance of teamwork to the value of perseverance, the Navy imparted lessons that transcended the confines of the ship and resonated in all walks of life.
Guidance for Aspiring Navy Personnel
Aspiring Navy personnel receive sage advice from Dan to nurture adaptability. With inevitable challenges ahead, possessing the right attitude fosters growth. Dan accentuates seeking mentorship, embracing adversities, and unwavering allegiance to navy core values.
What advice would you offer to young individuals considering the Navy?
My first advice would be work hard in high school in order to expand your options. Take advanced placement courses whenever possible. Become involved in extracurricular activities including community service. The goal should always be college and a commission as an officer. If college isn’t in the cards, think very hard about what enlisted rating interests you the most and go for it. Have several alternates in mind because the ratings are not always open to everyone. Practice being early for everything. Remember the Vince Lombardi adage that if you are five minutes early you are already ten minutes late. I told my sailors that being on station early in a squared away uniform was half the battle. That approach is analogous to the tone set by UCLA basketball coach John Wooden on the first day of practice. The very first thing he taught his players was how to properly tie their shoes. Insisting, every day, on perfection performing this simple task set the foundation for everything else moving forward. One last Rickover quote fits well here. He said, “The Devil is in the details, but so is salvation.”
The Impact of the Lone Sailor Story
Stories possess the innate power to inspire, connect, and etch legacies, a sentiment echoed by Dan. The Lone Sailor narrative mirrors his voyage and resonates with countless navy personnel. Such tales enable the wider populace to fathom the gravitas of service and the ensuing sacrifices.
Reflecting on your service and connection to the Lone Sailor, how do you hope your story impacts others?
I hope my story affirms that discipline, dedication, and desire can take you anywhere you want to go. I suppose it also highlights the serendipitous nature of my selection as the model. My story highlights the philosophy that luck is when preparation meets opportunity.
Challenges and Growth
Challenges, both at sea and ashore, were omnipresent. Yet, for Dan, they were also catalysts for growth, shaping character, fostering adaptability, and honing skills. Overcoming them was a testament to the sailor’s spirit and training.
Challenges in Service
Can you share about any challenges you faced within the Navy, especially ones influenced by internal politics or dynamics?
One of the biggest challenges related to politics and dynamics occurred during my first year as a commissioned officer. I was selected as a Limited Duty Officer with a nuclear designator in 1992. I was interviewed at Naval Reactors (NR) by five different senior managers including Admiral Bowman. I was elated to be chosen to serve in the Naval Reactors Representatives Office (NRRO) at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. I was assigned a desk directly outside the office of the civilian who had been in charge of the office for over a dozen years, Mike Hardin. Mr. Hardin was an intense man that screamed (A LOT!!) and chain smoked in the office despite it being against federal regulations. He was a presidential appointee for life in the Senior Executive Service (admiral equivalent) so, basically, untouchable. His management style can only be described as fear driven, intimidation reinforced by volume, and demanding and uncompromising when it came to technical matters. I spent several weeks getting indoctrinated and meeting the rest of the staff (all mustang officers too). I soon learned that I must be in the office hours before the boss (usually 0430) and the work day didn’t end until after he left for the evening. Getting across the breakers with Mr. Hardin was to be avoided at all costs. When I was finally summoned to his office, the conversation was terse and one-way. “Maloney, you don’t know anything about nuclear power and you know even less about how the shipyard works. Get out of my office and don’t return until your qualification program is completed”, he bellowed. I wondered what I had gotten myself into and would this be my life for the next five years. I learned many things from Mr. Hardin but the lessons were usually unpleasant. I will forever completely research the root requirement underlying any issue no matter how obscure or complex. Fortunately for me, I only had to spend one year under Mr. Hardin. Another member of the staff got so fed up with his treatment he resigned his commission and returned to enlisted status as a master chief. NR headquarters subsequently directed Mr. Hardin’s return to Washington DC. My new boss was also technically demanding but much better tempered.
Were there moments when you felt your contributions or experiences were overlooked or underappreciated? How did you navigate these feelings?
All in all, the NRRO job was meaningful and I felt I was making a difference. The biggest frustration was with headquarters personnel in DC. I was required to write a short letter to Admiral Bowman every week reporting what actions I had taken to improve nuclear work at the shipyard. Rarely NR headquarters action was needed but, when it was, “NAVAL REACTORS ACTION REQUESTED” was typed boldly at the top of your letter. In five years, I only requested NR action twice. The first instance involved my collateral assignment as the security manager. I questioned why there were pier-side security fences protecting the surface ships but none for the nuclear submarines. Due to space constraints, the submarine base had been granted a waiver decades ago but the provisions of the waiver were no longer being followed. Because of the shoddy physical condition of the secondary fencing cited in the waiver, I recommended the submarines be protected by new pier-side fences built according to the navy’s security regulations. NR headquarters denied my request stating I didn’t appreciate the obstacles to submarine maintenance that would be created by the fences. The other time I sought NR action was a request for changes to clarify a procedure that was always misunderstood by the submarine crews during dry-runs in preparation of the actual evolution. It was a high-risk evolution that had no margin for error. NR denied my request and simply stated the procedure worked as written. I questioned why I was their eyes in the field if my assessments were going to be ignored. I left the NRRO after fulfilling my five year commitment due to those cases and my early experiences with Mr. Hardin. I was subsequently successful in getting the procedure changed as a Lieutenant assigned to the COMSUBPAC staff. Fences were installed on the submarine piers in 2000, shortly after the bombing of the USS COLE in Yemen. Submarine maintenance continues unabated. I enjoyed the challenge of the NRRO job but it gave me a good insight into the NAVSEA bureaucratic hurdles I would eventually encounter during my civilian service in the federal government.
In hindsight, what lessons or insights have you drawn from these experiences, and how have they shaped your perspective on service and commitment?
My experiences over the decades serving the navy, both good and bad, reinforced the basic tenets of service I learned as a young petty officer. Live your life with integrity, it is your most important asset. Work hard, take accountability, and give every task your utmost effort. Always be on time and in a squared away uniform of the day. Most importantly, take care of your people.
Hello and welcome to Fleet Forward, the podcast series that explores the future of the U.S. Navy and its role in the world.
In this episode, we are going to talk about the technological advancements and design considerations in modern shipbuilding, and how they affect the Navy’s ability to maintain a credible and capable fleet in the face of growing threats and challenges.
In this episode, we will delve into the technological aspects of naval shipbuilding, and how they influence the design and performance of the Navy’s ships. We will focus on one of the most critical and expensive shipbuilding programs in the Navy’s history, the DDG(X), the Navy’s next-generation guided-missile destroyer that is expected to provide the backbone of the surface fleet and deliver new capabilities such as hypersonic missiles, lasers, and electromagnetic railguns.
The DDG(X) is one of the most critical and expensive shipbuilding programs in the Navy’s history, and it has significant implications for the Navy’s strategy, tactics, and budget. The main question we want to explore today is: What is the operational concept and mission of the DDG(X), and how will it shape the future of the U.S. Navy?
The trade-offs and opportunities involved in designing and building the Navy’s ships are the choices and consequences that the Navy has to face and accept when it decides how to allocate its resources, prioritize its requirements, and balance its needs and wants for its ships.
The trade-offs and opportunities can affect the cost, schedule, performance, and risk of the shipbuilding programs, and ultimately, the capability and readiness of the fleet.
Some examples of the trade-offs and opportunities involved in designing and building the Navy’s ships are:
Quantity vs. Quality: The Navy has to decide how many ships it needs and can afford, and how capable and advanced those ships should be. The Navy faces a trade-off between quantity and quality, as it has to balance the need for more ships with the need for more advanced and survivable ships that can operate in contested environments. The Navy also faces an opportunity to leverage new technologies and designs that can increase the quantity and quality of its ships, such as modular and scalable architectures, unmanned and autonomous systems, and additive manufacturing.
Risk vs. Reward: The Navy has to decide how much risk it is willing and able to take and manage, and how much reward it expects and seeks to achieve, when it develops and implements new technologies and capabilities for its ships. The Navy faces a trade-off between risk and reward, as it has to balance the need for innovation and experimentation with the need for reliability and certainty. The Navy also faces an opportunity to mitigate and overcome the risks and challenges associated with new technologies and capabilities, such as technical complexity, integration issues, and operational testing and evaluation.
Current vs. Future: The Navy has to decide how to address its current and future operational requirements and expectations, and how to adapt to the changing global security environment and the evolving threats and challenges from potential adversaries. The Navy faces a trade-off between current and future, as it has to balance the need for maintaining and modernizing its existing ships with the need for developing and acquiring new ships. The Navy also faces an opportunity to anticipate and prepare for the future, and to shape and influence the future, by incorporating new technologies and capabilities that can enhance its strategic and tactical advantages and options.
These are some of the trade-offs and opportunities involved in designing and building the Navy’s ships, and they are not mutually exclusive or exhaustive. The Navy has to consider and weigh them carefully and holistically, and make informed and rational decisions that can best serve its interests and values. The DDG(X) program is a case in point, as it reflects and illustrates some of the trade-offs and opportunities that the Navy faces and embraces in designing and building its next-generation guided-missile destroyer.
The DDG(X) program is the Navy’s effort to design and build a new class of large surface combatants (LSCs) that will replace the aging CG-47 Ticonderoga-class cruisers and a significant portion of the DDG-51 Arleigh Burke-class destroyers. The LSCs are the Navy’s most capable and versatile surface ships, as they can perform a wide range of missions, such as air and missile defense, anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, strike warfare, and ballistic missile defense.
The Navy’s previous force structure assessment, which was released in 2016, called for a fleet of 355 ships, including 104 LSCs, by 2030. However, the Navy’s previous shipbuilding plan, which was released in 2020, fell short of this goal, as it projected a fleet of 355 ships, including 88 LSCs, by 2034. Moreover, the shipbuilding plan was underfunded and unrealistic, as it did not account for the rising costs and delays of shipbuilding programs, the impact of inflation and maintenance, and the trade-offs between quantity and quality. On October 6, 2020, Secretary of Defense Mark Esper presented some details regarding a new Navy force-level goal, called Battle Force 2045, for achieving a fleet of more than 500 manned and unmanned ships by 2045, including 355 manned ships prior to 2035. This new force-level goal is based on an internal Office of the Secretary of Defense assessment that calls for the Navy to cut two aircraft carriers from its fleet, freeze the large surface combatant fleet of destroyers and cruisers around current levels and add dozens of unmanned or lightly manned ships to the inventory. The new force-level goal also reflects and illustrates some of the trade-offs and opportunities that the Navy faces and embraces in designing and building its next-generation ships, such as the DDG(X) destroyer.
The DDG(X) program is one of the most critical and expensive shipbuilding programs in the Navy’s history, as it is expected to provide the backbone of the surface fleet and deliver new capabilities that will enhance the Navy’s ability to operate in contested environments. The DDG(X) will be larger, more powerful, and more survivable than the DDG-51, and will be able to carry and launch hypersonic missiles, lasers, and electromagnetic railguns. The DDG(X) will also have improved seakeeping, Arctic operations, survivability, and lethality, and will be able to accommodate future technologies and missions.
The DDG(X) program is still in the early stages of development and subject to change, but the Navy estimates that each DDG(X) could cost up to $2.6 billion, while the Congressional Budget Office projects a higher cost of $3.4 billion. The Navy plans to start construction of the first DDG(X) in 2028 and deliver it in 2034, but this timeline could be affected by budget constraints, industrial capacity, and competing priorities.
Technological Advancements in the DDG(X)
The DDG(X) stands as a testament to naval modernization, according to its proponents. They point to its cutting-edge features like hypersonic missiles, advanced laser systems, and electromagnetic railguns, emphasizing how these technologies significantly enhance the Navy’s operational capabilities. However, it’s crucial to note that some analysts express concerns over the feasibility and reliability of these advanced systems, citing technological and integration challenges and cost
DDG(X)’s operational concept and mission
The DDG(X)’s operational concept and mission are based on the Navy’s vision of distributed maritime operations (DMO), which is a new way of fighting in the maritime domain that exploits the advantages of dispersed, networked, and resilient forces. DMO aims to counter the threats posed by China and Russia, which have developed anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) capabilities that can challenge the U.S. Navy’s access and freedom of maneuver in key regions, such as the Indo-Pacific and the Baltic Sea.
The DDG(X) will be a key enabler of DMO, as it will provide the surface fleet with the ability to operate in contested environments and deliver lethal and non-lethal effects across multiple domains. The DDG(X) will have four main missions, according to the Naval Sea
Systems Command
• Air and Missile Defense: The DDG(X) will be able to defend itself and other naval assets from air and missile threats, such as aircraft, cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, and hypersonic weapons. The DDG(X) will also be able to conduct offensive strikes against enemy air and missile systems, using its own hypersonic missiles, lasers, and electromagnetic railguns.
• Surface Warfare: The DDG(X) will be able to engage and destroy enemy surface ships and coastal targets, using its hypersonic missiles, lasers, electromagnetic railguns, and torpedoes. The DDG(X) will also be able to conduct maritime security operations, such as counter-piracy, counter-terrorism, and counter-proliferation.
• Undersea Warfare: The DDG(X) will be able to detect and track enemy submarines and mines, using its advanced sonar and towed array systems. The DDG(X) will also be able to attack enemy submarines and mines, using its torpedoes, lasers, and electromagnetic railguns.
• Information Warfare: The DDG(X) will be able to collect and disseminate intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) data, using its sensors, drones, and communication systems. The DDG(X) will also be able to conduct electronic warfare (EW) and cyber warfare (CW) operations, using its jammers, decoys, and hackers.
The DDG(X) will be able to perform these missions in a distributed and networked manner, meaning that it will be able to operate independently or in coordination with other naval platforms and systems, such as aircraft carriers, submarines, amphibious ships, littoral combat ships, unmanned vehicles, and satellites. The DDG(X) will also be able to adapt to different scenarios and threats, using its flexible and scalable design that can accommodate future technologies and missions.
Additional Insights on the DDG(X) Program
Recent discussions in the defense technology sphere, as highlighted in a Popular Science article, bring to light several intriguing aspects of the DDG(X) program. The article emphasizes the Navy’s vision for the DDG(X) to be equipped with powerful lasers, a significant leap from traditional destroyer armaments. This aligns with the Navy’s ongoing pursuit of cutting-edge technologies to maintain maritime superiority.
Lasers as a Game-Changer: The DDG(X) is envisioned to carry a forward-mounted 150-kilowatt laser and two rear-mounted 600-kilowatt lasers. These high-powered lasers could revolutionize naval warfare, offering rapid and efficient defense against various threats, including incoming missiles, drones, and even small manned vessels. The implementation of such advanced laser systems is a testament to the Navy’s forward-thinking approach in adapting to modern warfare scenarios.
Balancing Innovation with Practicality: While embracing innovation, the DDG(X) program also appears to be learning from past experiences, such as the challenges faced by the Zumwalt-class destroyers. Unlike the Zumwalt’s ambitious but problematic features, the DDG(X) aims for more modest, yet impactful advancements. This includes improved sensors, longer-range weapons, increased missile capacity, and an all-electric Integrated Power System, crucial for powering the new laser systems.
Efficiency and Sustainability: Another key aspect underlined in the article is the focus on efficiency and sustainability. The DDG(X) aims to achieve a 50 percent greater range and a 25 percent reduction in fuel usage compared to existing destroyers. This goal highlights the Navy’s commitment to operational efficiency and reduced logistical footprints, aligning with broader environmental and resource sustainability goals.
A Future-Proof Design: The DDG(X)’s design philosophy seems to be rooted in adaptability and future-proofing. While the hull form and specific components are yet to be finalized, there is a clear intent to create a platform that can evolve with emerging technologies and changing strategic needs. This approach ensures the DDG(X) remains relevant and formidable in the ever-evolving landscape of naval warfare.
Comparative Analysis – DDG(X) vs. Arleigh Burke-Class: Supporters of the DDG(X) highlight its advancements over the Arleigh Burke-class, focusing on enhanced stealth, advanced sensor arrays, and greater firepower with new weapon systems. They argue that the DDG(X) is a necessary evolution to maintain naval dominance. On the other hand, skeptics question whether these advancements justify the significant investment, especially considering the proven effectiveness of the existing fleet.
Land-Based Testing: A Pivotal Step in the DDG(X) Development:A recent milestone in the DDG(X) program was the inauguration of the DDG(X) Land Based Test Site (LBTS), as reported in March 2023. This facility, established by the Program Executive Office (PEO) Ships and the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Philadelphia Division (NSWCPD), represents a crucial step in advancing the design and capabilities of the DDG(X).
The Role of LBTS in Risk Reduction and Technical Oversight: The LBTS is not just a testing ground; it’s a cornerstone in ensuring the reliability and capability of the DDG(X)’s critical systems. Capt. Joseph Darcy of NSWCPD emphasized its importance, noting that the site will be instrumental in building the future of the U.S. Navy’s most advanced destroyers. The LBTS approach reflects a deliberate strategy to mitigate risks ahead of construction, aligning with the Navy’s goal of writing requirements from a place of knowledge rather than uncertainty.
Historical Context and Congressional Alignment: Rear Adm. Fred Pyle, Director, Surface Warfare Division (N96), highlighted the historical success of land-based testing for other ship classes like the Spruance and Arleigh Burke. This historical perspective underscores the value of the LBTS in comprehending new technologies and reducing risks. The alignment with Congress on the necessity of this test site reinforces its significance in the broader naval acquisition process.
Increased Capability and Operational Flexibility: The DDG(X), through developments at the LBTS, promises to offer substantial increases in range, efficiency, and time-on-station. This advancement will provide fleet commanders with greater operational flexibility and reduce the demand on fleet logistics. The emphasis on an evolutionary rather than revolutionary approach, integrating lessons learned from past shipbuilding programs, highlights the program’s pragmatic and informed development path.
Legacy of Land-Based Testing at NSWCPD: NSWCPD’s rich history in land-based testing, dating back to 1943, and its experience with the DDG 51 Class Land Based Engineering Site (LBES) positions it uniquely for the DDG(X) program. The site’s ability to test full-scale propulsion systems and other critical components plays a pivotal role in refining and perfecting the DDG(X)’s technologies.
Current Phase of the DDG(X) Program:
As the DDG(X) currently resides in the concept refinement stage, prior to entering the preliminary design phase, the LBTS stands as a testament to the program’s methodical and data-driven approach. This phase is crucial in shaping the future design and capabilities of what is set to be the country’s next enduring guided missile destroyer.
Operational Concept and Mission: Proponents of the DDG(X) underscore its strategic role within the Distributed Maritime Operations framework, envisaging it as a game-changer in various conflict scenarios. However, there are voices that caution about over-reliance on any single platform, emphasizing the need for a diverse and balanced fleet.
Trade-offs and Opportunities: The development of the DDG(X) reflects a series of strategic decisions balancing technological advancement with cost. While supporters argue that these trade-offs are essential for future readiness, critics point to budgetary constraints and the risks of focusing too heavily on high-end capabilities at the expense of other naval needs.
Audience Engagement: We recognize that this topic generates diverse opinions, and we value your perspective. Your questions and comments about the DDG(X) help deepen our discussion, offering a platform for varied viewpoints.
Challenges and Future Outlook: Despite its potential, the DDG(X) faces challenges, including budgetary pressures and technological risks. Looking forward, we explore how the program might evolve to meet the Navy’s future needs while considering the broader debates surrounding its development.
Summary and Conclusion
The DDG(X) represents a significant stride in naval innovation, yet it stands at the center of an ongoing debate. It embodies the Navy’s push towards advanced technological capabilities, but this comes with its own set of challenges and differing opinions.
Teaser for Next Episode:
In our next episode, we’ll expand our exploration to the global stage, examining how emerging technologies like the DDG(X) influence international naval dynamics. How does the evolving U.S. Navy strategy shape and respond to global maritime challenges? Stay tuned for more.
