Chester Alan Arthur: A Forgotten Architect of America’s Naval Strength
Introduction:
In the annals of American history, some presidents shine brightly, while others, like Chester Alan Arthur, the 21st President of the United States, are less remembered. Yet, Arthur’s contributions, particularly in strengthening the U.S. Navy, were pivotal in shaping the country’s future.
This blog post, inspired by PBS’s extensive collection on American Presidents, delves into Arthur’s presidency and his unheralded role in fortifying America’s naval power.
Early Presidency: Chester Alan Arthur, a product of the New York political machine, ascended to the presidency in 1881 following the assassination of President James Garfield. Known for his integrity and honesty, Arthur’s administration was characterized by surprising reformative actions, especially considering his roots in political patronage.
Civil Service and Domestic Policy: Arthur’s commitment to reform was evident in his domestic policies. He signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, revolutionizing federal employment by prioritizing merit over political allegiance. His veto of pork barrel expenditures reflected a fiscally responsible approach, even as he indulged in refurbishing the White House with the creative touch of Louis Comfort Tiffany.
Foreign Affairs and Naval Expansion: Arthur’s presidency is notable for its impact on foreign relations and naval development. His efforts to lower tariffs and negotiate trade agreements demonstrated a progressive approach to international economics. However, his most enduring legacy lies in his vision for a modern U.S. Navy. Recognizing the strategic importance of naval power, Arthur championed the development of a fleet with steam-powered engines and steel cladding, a significant advancement from the wooden ships of prior eras.
Presidential Politics and Legacy: Arthur’s rise to the presidency, initially seen with skepticism, turned into a narrative of surprising integrity and dedication to public service. His battle against his political patron, Senator Roscoe Conkling, and his governance despite a fatal kidney disease diagnosis, showcased his resilience and commitment to the nation’s welfare.
Conclusion: Chester Alan Arthur’s presidency, often overlooked in the broader tapestry of American history, was a period of significant transition and modernization, especially for the U.S. Navy. His contributions laid the groundwork for America’s emergence as a major naval power in the 20th century. As Americans, we owe a part of our naval strength and international standing to this often-forgotten president, a testament to the lasting impact of Arthur’s administration.
The Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Lisa Franchetti, recently unveiled a critical paper titled “America’s Warfighting Navy” at the Surface Navy Association’s National Symposium.
This document outlines the current and future priorities for the U.S. Navy, reflecting a significant shift in strategy and approach to maritime warfare.
Who We Are and What We Do
Admiral Franchetti’s paper begins by reaffirming the Navy’s identity: a powerful, global force embodying character, competence, and dedication. The Navy is presented as a peace-preserving entity, ready to respond in crisis and win decisively in war. Its operations span from the seabed to space, ensuring national prosperity and security.
The Changing Strategic Environment
A pivotal section discusses the evolving threats to national and global security. The National Defense Strategy highlights the necessity of preparing for potential conflicts with major world powers like China and Russia. The paper emphasizes the need for rapid adaptation to stay ahead of adversaries, integrating conventional capabilities with innovative technologies.
Subheading: Warfighting Priorities
A primary focus is on enhancing combat power. The Navy is set to view all operations through a “warfighting lens,” ensuring readiness and capability to win at sea. This includes advancing naval integration, focusing on logistics, and interoperability with allies.
Strengthening the Navy Team
Another key area is the emphasis on the Navy team. The paper talks about empowering leaders, recruiting and retaining a diverse workforce, and providing world-class training and education. This also encompasses caring for families and support networks of Navy personnel.
Building a Solid Foundation
The foundation of trust with the American people and aligning resources effectively is crucial. This involves close cooperation with Congress, industry, academia, and other agencies, aligning shore activities with fleet needs.
Key Takeaways
Adapting to a Changing World: The Navy acknowledges the evolving global strategic environment and the need for rapid adaptation. Focus on Warfighting Capabilities: Prioritizing combat readiness and capabilities to ensure global maritime dominance.
Empowerment and Diversity: Strengthening the Navy team through empowerment and embracing diversity. Integrated Collaboration: Enhancing cooperation with allies, other military branches, and different sectors.
Why America Should Care
This strategic shift in the Navy’s priorities is more than a military adjustment; it’s about maintaining global peace and security. The emphasis on readiness, adaptation, and collaboration underscores the Navy’s role in preserving American interests and way of life.
Conclusion
Admiral Franchetti’s “America’s Warfighting Navy” sets a clear and decisive course for the U.S. Navy. It reaffirms the Navy’s commitment to being the world’s preeminent maritime force, ready to face current and future challenges. The focus on innovation, team strength, and foundational trust positions the Navy to effectively safeguard national interests in an increasingly complex global environment.
Additional Resources
For further information, the full text of “America’s Warfighting Navy” can be found on the official United States Navy website.
Welcome to ‘Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power’.
Today, we’re honored to welcome Dr. Scott Savitz, a renowned senior engineer at the RAND Corporation.
Dr. Savitz is distinguished for his innovative approaches in leveraging new technologies and tactics to enhance the operational capabilities and resilience of military forces. With a profound commitment to advancing defense strategies, he holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Yale University, and a master’s degree and Ph.D. in the same field from the University of Pennsylvania.
As a prominent figure in defense analysis, Dr. Savitz has led pivotal research in areas such as the impact of non-lethal weapons, the integration of uncrewed platforms in military strategies, and the evaluation of military capability gaps in challenging environments like the Arctic. His insightful studies have provided crucial perspectives on strategic investments in emerging technologies by global military powers and the infrastructural needs for testing autonomous systems.
Dr. Savitz’s analysis on intelligence, threats to U.S. ports, and maritime domain awareness are invaluable for shaping future naval operations. His work also extends to historical insights on warship design and strategies for reducing airbase vulnerabilities. His comprehensive expertise and innovative research have significantly contributed to the understanding and development of contemporary military strategies.
He will delve into the roles of artificial intelligence, big data, and machine learning, guiding us through the complex landscape of modern naval strategies and challenges. During the session, Dr. Savitz will address the transformative impact of non-lethal weapons and uncrewed vessels on naval warfare and seapower. He will discuss the strategic roles of these technologies in reshaping U.S. Navy tactics amidst global threats and competition.
By examining the integration of advanced systems, such as artificial intelligence and autonomous platforms, Dr. Savitz will highlight how these innovations can offer the Navy a strategic advantage while also considering the associated risks and ethical complexities. Furthermore, he will explore the potential of these technologies to enhance cooperation with international allies and their influence on the Navy’s evolving doctrine and culture. His insights will contribute significantly to the ongoing discussions about the future role of non-lethal and uncrewed technologies in national and global maritime security.
Photo shows the dhow transporting Iranian weapons to Houthi forces in Yemen. Photo: U.S. Central Command
A Perspective for Americans for a Stronger Navy
In the ever-evolving landscape of global maritime security, the U.S. Navy remains a pivotal force in maintaining the safety and order of international waters. The recent U.S. Navy operation, reported by Fox News offers a compelling example of this critical role.
A Decisive Operation in the Arabian Sea
On January 11, 2024, U.S. Navy SEALs aboard the USS LEWIS B PULLER, supported by helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), executed a complex night-time boarding of a dhow near the coast of Somalia. This operation, as detailed by news outlets resulted in the seizure of Iranian-made ballistic and cruise missile components intended for Houthi forces in Yemen. This significant interdiction not only disrupts the plans of those seeking to destabilize the region but also safeguards innocent mariners and vital shipping lanes.
The High Stakes of Maritime Security
The seized weapons, which include propulsion, guidance, and warheads for medium-range ballistic missiles and anti-ship cruise missiles, have been employed by the Houthis in their attacks against international merchant ships in the Red Sea. This seizure marks the first of its kind since the beginning of Houthi attacks against merchant ships in November 2023 and the first seizure of Iranian-manufactured advanced missile components by the U.S. Navy since November 2019. This operation underlines the Navy’s crucial role in enforcing international law and UN Security Resolution 2216.
The Cost of Vigilance
Tragically, this operation also involved the loss of two brave U.S. Navy SEALs, as reported by U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM). Their sacrifice is a stark reminder of the risks our service members face in securing our seas and the importance of supporting our naval forces.
The Broader Context: Iran’s Involvement
As news reports, the operation sheds light on Iran’s continued shipment of advanced lethal aid to the Houthis, a clear violation of U.N. Security Resolution 2216 and international law. This situation highlights the broader geopolitical challenges in the region and the need for a strong naval presence to counter such destabilizing activities.
Moving Forward
As members and friends of Americans for a Stronger Navy, we must advocate for a well-equipped and robust naval force. The recent operations by the USS LEWIS B PULLER are a testament to the Navy’s commitment to global maritime security. Let us continue to support our Navy in its crucial mission to maintain peace and stability on the high seas.
Welcome to the Members and Friends of Americans for a Stronger Navy!
As we continue to advocate for a robust and formidable naval force, it’s essential to remember and honor the heroes who have exemplified the very essence of bravery and dedication in the history of the United States Navy.
Today, we turn the spotlight on an extraordinary figure: Charles Jackson French, a Navy hero whose story of valor during World War II continues to inspire.
The Night of Valor: USS Gregory and the Battle of Guadalcanal
On the night of September 4, 1942, the crew of the high-speed transport USS Gregory (APD 3) found themselves in a perilous situation. Patrolling between Savo Island and Guadalcanal, they encountered Japanese destroyers.
The USS Gregory, caught in a fierce battle and outgunned, began to sink, setting the stage for an incredible act of heroism.
Charles Jackson French: Early Life and Navy Career
Charles Jackson French, born on September 25, 1919, in Foreman, Arkansas, joined the Navy as a Mess Attendant—a position then largely designated for black men. His journey in the Navy brought him to the decks of USS Houston (CA-30) and, eventually, the USS Gregory.
A Hero Emerges Amidst Tragedy
As the USS Gregory sank, Mess Attendant 1st Class French took action that would etch his name in history. In a remarkable feat of endurance and courage, he swam through shark-infested waters for hours, towing a raft filled with injured shipmates. His bravery and strength saved the lives of more than a dozen sailors.
Legacy and Recognition.
The heroic actions of Charles Jackson French were not only a testament to his character but also a symbol of hope and resilience for the Navy community. In recognition, a rescue swimming training pool at Naval Base San Diego was dedicated in his honor in May 2022, immortalizing his legacy.
Conclusion
Charles Jackson French’s story is a powerful reminder of the courage and determination that run deep in the veins of our naval heroes. It is these qualities that Americans for a Stronger Navy continues to champion and uphold. We encourage our members and friends to carry on the legacy of heroes like French, ensuring our Navy remains strong, resilient, and ever-vigilant.
A combat-loaded F/A-18C taxis to the catapult aboard the USS Dwight D. Eisenhower.
In a significant escalation of military action, the U.S. Navy, in coordination with the U.K., has conducted a series of targeted strikes against Houthi militants in Yemen. This action, reported by Heather Mongilio of USNI News, comes as a direct response to the Houthis’ continued aggression against commercial shipping in the Middle East.
Strikes Across Air, Surface, and Subsurface:
The offensive involved a diverse array of military assets:
Air Force strike fighters from a base in the Middle East and Super Hornets from USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69) participated.
Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles were launched from naval ships in the Red Sea and potentially from the Ohio-class guided-missile submarine USS Florida (SSGN-728).
The strike occurred around 2:30 a.m. local time, closely following a Houthi missile attack in the Gulf of Aden.
U.K.’s Involvement:
U.K. Secretary of State for Defence Grant Shapps confirmed on social media that four Royal Air Force Typhoon FGR4s conducted precision strikes on two key Houthi military targets in Bani and Abbs, Yemen. These sites were instrumental in the Houthis’ drone and missile operations.
U.S. Strike Details:
The U.S. targeted 60 locations, aiming at munition depots, command nodes, and systems critical to the Houthis’ drone and missile capabilities. This was part of a concerted effort to degrade their ability to threaten maritime security.
International Support:
The operation was supported by Australia, Bahrain, Canada, and the Netherlands, highlighting a unified stance against threats to international navigation.
No Immediate Houthi Response:
As of the evening of January 12, there has been no reported retaliation from the Houthis. The strikes are separate from Operation Prosperity Guardian, which focuses on defending commercial shipping in the Red Sea.
U.S. Defense Secretary’s Statement:
Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin emphasized that these actions are meant to disrupt the Houthis’ ability to jeopardize global trade and mariner safety. He stated, “Today’s coalition action sends a clear message to the Houthis that they will bear further costs if they do not end their illegal attacks.”
Context of the Attacks:
The Houthis have been launching attacks since October 19, 2023, with the U.S. and allies sending a clear warning to cease such actions. Despite these warnings, the Houthis have continued their attacks, including on U.S. and coalition military vessels.
U.K. Prime Minister’s Statement:
U.K. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak condemned the Houthi actions as destabilizing and dangerous, reiterating the U.K.’s commitment to freedom of navigation and the free flow of trade.
Conclusion:
This coordinated response by the U.S. and U.K. signifies a strong stance against threats to international shipping and stability in the region. The situation remains dynamic, and further developments will be closely monitored and reported.
Adm. Lisa Franchetti released her priorities in a paper titled “America’s Warfighting Navy,” at the Surface Navy Association’s National Symposium,
Introduction: A New Era of Naval Dominance
In an era of increasing global challenges, the United States Navy remains a cornerstone of American military might.
Recently, Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Lisa Franchetti unveiled her vision for the future of the Navy in a seminal paper titled “America’s Warfighting Navy.”
This document, presented at the Surface Navy Association’s National Symposium, outlines a strategic approach that reinforces the Navy’s role in maintaining peace and ensuring the nation’s security.
Who We Are: The World’s Most Powerful Navy
Adm. Franchetti’s paper begins by affirming the identity of the U.S. Navy. It emphasizes the character, competence, and dedication of its personnel, underlining the Navy’s commitment to serve with honor, courage, and commitment.
What We Do: Guardians of Peace and Victory
The Navy’s primary roles are detailed next – preserving peace, responding in crises, and achieving decisive victories in war. The document highlights the Navy’s global reach, from the seabed to space, and underscores its readiness to deter aggression and provide strategic options to national leaders.
Where We Are Going: Adapting to Emerging Threats
The evolving strategic environment, with the rise of competitors like China and Russia, necessitates a rapid and innovative adaptation of naval capabilities. The paper stresses the need for the Navy to continuously create warfighting advantages through new technologies and strategies, preparing for a complex and challenging future battlefield.
Our Priorities: Warfighting, Warfighters, Foundation
Warfighting: The paper insists on a focus on delivering decisive combat power, prioritizing readiness, capabilities, and logistics.
Warfighters: It emphasizes strengthening the Navy team through mission command principles, recruiting, retaining talent, and providing world-class training.
Foundation: Building trust with the American people, aligning resources effectively, and ensuring readiness are highlighted as key foundations for success.
Key Takeaways: A Call to Action for a Stronger Navy
Adaptation and Innovation: The Navy must continuously evolve to meet emerging threats and maintain its global dominance.
Integrated Approach: Collaboration with the Marine Corps, other branches of the military, and international allies is crucial for combined lethality.
Empowerment and Excellence: Investing in the skills and wellbeing of Navy personnel ensures a ready and capable force.
Conclusion: Charting the Course Forward
Adm. Franchetti’s vision for “America’s Warfighting Navy” is a comprehensive roadmap for maintaining naval supremacy in a rapidly changing world. It’s a call to action for all who serve, as well as for the nation, to support the Navy in its crucial mission.
As she eloquently concludes, “Together we will deliver the Navy the Nation Needs.” Now, more than ever, the time is ripe for unwavering commitment and swift action to ensure a powerful, resilient, and victorious U.S. Navy.
Welcome to ‘Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power’.
In this insightful episode, we have the honor of featuring Dr. Bruce Jones, a distinguished expert from the Talbot Center on Security, Strategy, and Technology, and the Center on East Asia Policy. Dr. Jones, known for his acclaimed work ‘To Rule the Waves’, brings a wealth of knowledge to our discussion on the critical issues shaping maritime power in our rapidly evolving global landscape.
Join us as we continue ‘Charting the Course’ for American Naval Power, exploring how maritime trade and security are pivotal in shaping the world order.”
In our dynamic global environment, we explore pressing questions:
Are we entering a new era of maritime power struggles due to climate change and intensified sea-based globalization?
What constitutes ‘ruling the waves’ in terms of maritime shipping dominance? How are factors like ship ownership, port control, and trade flow interconnected?
Dr. Jones discusses the vulnerability of container-based supply chains. Can he provide a specific incident of piracy or disruption that caused substantial economic impact?
What emerging threats, such as cyberattacks, climate disruptions, and political instability, are facing container shipping, and how can the US Navy and other stakeholders respond?
How will technological advancements like automation and AI reshape the future of container shipping, and what are the implications for efficiency, security, and workforce dynamics?
What is the current state of global trade, naval power, and the impact of climate change on oceans? What challenges and implications do these trends pose for the future world order?
Finally, how does the history of maritime trade and power mirror the patterns of post–Cold War globalization, with historical examples to support this relation?
The Philippine and US Navy have initiated high-stakes joint maritime drills in the South China Sea, as regional tensions with China continue to escalate. This marks a significant step in defense cooperation between the two nations.
Joint Maritime Exercise Details
The drills, starting on January 3, 2024, are the second such exercise in less than two months, highlighting the increasing frequency and intensity of military cooperation in the face of Chinese assertiveness in the region. Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has been actively strengthening defense ties with the US, as well as other allies like Japan and Australia, in response to China’s expansive claims over the South China Sea.
NHK World-Japan has confirmed that the Philippines and the United States began a two-day joint patrol in the South China Sea, underscoring the ongoing dispute in the region.
The Japan Times has reported that China conducted navy and air force patrols in the South China Sea, coinciding with the maritime drills by the U.S. and the Philippines in the same
China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi has expressed concerns over these developments, indicating “serious difficulties” in Beijing-Manila relations. The exercises included a variety of naval maneuvers and operations, involving multiple vessels and aircraft from both nations, aimed at enhancing interoperability and sending a strong message about the commitment to a rules-based international order and a free and open Indo-Pacific region.
Takeaways
Increased Frequency of Drills: The recent exercises underscore a growing pattern of joint military operations in the region.
Strengthening Alliances: The Philippines is actively enhancing defense relations with the US and other regional powers.
China’s Reaction: China’s response to these drills indicates a growing concern and potential diplomatic strain with the Philippines.
Focus on a Rules-based Order: The drills are a clear message to uphold international maritime laws and freedom of navigation in the contested waters.
The joint maritime exercises between the Philippines and the US represent a significant development in regional defense dynamics. They not only demonstrate the robustness of the Philippine-US alliance but also signify a broader commitment to maintaining stability and a rules-based order in the South China Sea amidst rising tensions.
We’ve laid the groundwork, discussing the vital role and impact of the U.S. Navy in a global context. Now, we’re excited to dive deeper into specific topics that define the future of American naval power.
We are honored to present Dr. Steven Wills, a distinguished navalist, historian, and former U.S. Naval officer, in our first in-depth episode titled ‘Developing and Implementing Effective U.S. Navy Strategies.‘
With over 30 years of experience in surface warfare, naval strategy, and national security, Dr. Wills brings unparalleled insights into the complexities and necessities of a forward-thinking Naval strategy.
Dr. Wills, an esteemed author of significant works like ‘Strategy Shelved’ and ‘Where are the Carriers?’, co-authored with former Navy Secretary John Lehman, enriches our discussion with his perspectives, shaped by his contributions to notable publications like the U.S. Naval War College Review and U.S. Naval Institute News.
Join us as we build on our past discussions, charting the evolving course of American naval power, and delve into its indispensable role in the ever-changing tapestry of global security.
Speakersand Sessions
Episode 1: Dr. Steven Wills, Navalist for the Center for Maritime Strategy at the Navy League of the United States. – The Anatomy of Naval Strate – December 28, 2023
Dive deep into the world of naval strategy with Dr Steven Wills, who brings a keen eye to the intricacies of strategy development, its challenges, and the integration of diverse naval capabilities. This session promises a thorough exploration of what constitutes U.S. Navy strategy, its objectives, and how it shapes the nation’s maritime future.
Episode 2:Dr. Bruce Jones, Senior Fellow – Foreign Policy, Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Brookings Institution. – Maritime Power Through History and Future – January 4, 2024
Join Dr. Bruce Jones for a historical and global perspective on maritime power. This session connects past and present maritime dynamics, exploring the influence of trade, climate change, and geopolitical shifts. Gain insights into how historical narratives of maritime prowess inform the current dynamics of power and influence in the global maritime domain.
Episode 3: Dr. Sam Tangredi, Leidos Chair of Future Warfare Studies and professor of national, naval, and maritime strategy at the U.S. Naval War College.January 11, 2024.
Embark on a technological journey with Dr. Sam Tangredi, an authority on the integration of AI in naval warfare. This session addresses how AI, big data, and human-machine interfaces are revolutionizing naval operations. Learn about the ethical, legal, and strategic dimensions of AI in the Navy and its profound impact on future naval force structure and capabilities.
Episode 4: Dr. Scott Savitz, Senior Engineer at the RAND Corporation – Innovation at Sea: Non-Lethal Weapons and Uncrewed Platforms – .January 18, 2024.
Explore the cutting-edge of naval innovation with Dr. Scott Savitz, focusing on non-lethal weapons and uncrewed platforms. Understand how these technologies are reshaping naval strategy and operations, their potential risks, and their role in maintaining strategic advantage over global rivals. This session promises insights into the future of naval warfare and national security.
Episode 5: Bryan Clark, senior fellow and director of the Center for Defense Concepts and Technology at Hudson Institute – The Technological Horizon of Naval Warfare – February 1st, 2024.
Delve into the future with as we examine the broad implications of emerging technologies like AI, big data, machine learning, and more in naval warfare. This session covers the integration challenges these technologies pose, their strategic impact, and their role in enhancing interoperability and effectiveness with global allies.⁰
Episode 6: Seth Cropsey, President Yorktown Institute. – Navigating Today’s Naval Challenges – February 8, 2024.
Join us as we explore the complexities of modern naval power with Seth Cropsey, a seasoned expert with extensive experience in the U.S. Naval and Department of Defense realms. This session offers an in-depth look at the current challenges and opportunities facing the Navy, particularly in the context of global rivalries. Discover the strategic insights that set the stage for a comprehensive understanding of contemporary naval dynamics.
Episode 7: Jon Rennie, co-founder, president, and CEO of Peak Demand Inc., – Leadership and Culture in Modern Naval Power –February 15th, 2024.
Conclude our series with Jon Rennie, focusing on the crucial elements of leadership, culture, and the balance between tradition and modernization within the Navy. This session highlights the importance of leadership in navigating the multifaceted challenges and opportunities in naval power, offering a holistic view of the organizational dynamics at play.
