Category: Charting the Course

Charting the Course: Navigating the Future of American Naval Power’ a podcast series that dives into the past, present, and future of the U.S. Navy and its impact on the world.

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Aegis Combat System Proves It Can Counter Hypersonic Threats

Introduction.

On March 24, 2025, the USS Pinckney (DDG 91) made history. Off the coast of Kauai, Hawaii, the Navy successfully completed Flight Test Other-40 (FTX-40)—also known as Stellar Banshee—using the Aegis Combat System to detect and simulate engagement with a hypersonic missile threat. This test is a major milestone in the United States’ ability to defend against rapidly emerging threats from near-peer adversaries like China and Russia, both of whom are investing heavily in hypersonic technology.

Test Details: Simulating the Future of Warfare

A Medium Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM) equipped with a Hypersonic Target Vehicle (HTV-1) was air-launched from a C-17 aircraft. The USS Pinckney used a simulated SM-6 Block IAU interceptor and Lockheed Martin’s latest Aegis Baseline 9 software to detect, track, and engage the target. While no live intercept occurred, the simulated engagement offered critical insights and data collection, validating the system’s ability to counter maneuvering hypersonic threats.

This test also previewed the system’s scalability. Aegis can be deployed at sea or on land—key flexibility in a complex global security environment. The test utilized a virtualized Aegis software configuration, a leap forward in adapting the system for next-generation warfare.

Building on Momentum: Past Successes and What’s Next

FTX-40 follows the success of FTM-32, known as Stellar Sisyphus, in which the USS Preble (DDG 88) intercepted a MRBM with an upgraded SM-6 Dual II missile in a live-fire test. These continued advancements will pave the way for FTM-43, which will aim to perform a live intercept against an HTV-1 target.

The collaboration between the U.S. Navy, the Missile Defense Agency (MDA), Lockheed Martin, and other defense partners signals a renewed commitment to innovation and integrated missile defense.

Why Americans Should Care

Hypersonic missiles travel at speeds greater than Mach 5, can maneuver mid-flight, and are extremely hard to detect and counter with traditional systems. Adversaries like China and Russia are rapidly developing and testing these weapons. If successful, these weapons could bypass our current defenses and strike critical infrastructure, fleets, or even the homeland.

This test shows that the United States is not standing still. Our Navy is preparing for tomorrow’s battles—today. The Aegis Combat System’s evolving capabilities directly protect American service members at sea, allies abroad, and Americans at home. It’s another reason why investment in a stronger Navy isn’t optional—it’s essential.

Implications for the Navy

This test reinforces the Aegis system as the backbone of the Navy’s integrated air and missile defense strategy. With its growing flexibility, the system can support both forward-deployed naval units and U.S.-based missile defense installations. It also helps the Navy operate in contested environments—areas where hypersonic threats are expected to become commonplace.

Implications for Our Allies

Many of our closest allies—Japan, South Korea, Australia—also rely on Aegis-equipped ships or similar missile defense systems. Demonstrating this capability strengthens not only U.S. deterrence but also our credibility with partners. In a world where multilateral defense cooperation is key, proof of performance matters.

Closing Thought

FTX-40 didn’t just simulate a hypersonic intercept—it sent a clear message: The United States Navy is adapting and preparing to meet new challenges head-on. For Americans watching the headlines, this is a win worth knowing—and a mission worth supporting.

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People Powering Progress: The U.S. Navy’s Smart Approach to Modernization

For years, America’s Navy has been a punching bag for criticism, often seen as slow to modernize or inefficient in spending. While scrutiny is necessary, it’s time to tell the other side of the story—the one about the thousands of dedicated Navy personnel and industry professionals working relentlessly to ensure the fleet remains strong, cost-effective, and mission-ready.

One of the best examples of this commitment is the Navy’s rapid deployment of Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System (C-UAS) capabilities aboard USS Indianapolis (LCS 17). Instead of developing an entirely new system at great expense, the Navy and its partners took a smarter approach—upgrading the existing Surface-to-Surface Missile Module (SSMM) to counter drone threats in contested environments.

Real People, Real Impact

This isn’t just about technology—it’s about people.

  • Navy officers and sailors who are actively testing and deploying these systems in real-world operations.
  • Engineers and defense contractors working behind the scenes to ensure the technology is reliable, cost-effective, and adaptable.
  • Strategists and policymakers balancing modernization with budget efficiency, ensuring that America’s Navy is both powerful and financially responsible.

Capt. Matthew Lehmann, program manager for LCS Mission Modules, highlighted this teamwork:
“By leveraging the adaptability of proven technologies in partnership with the Integrated Warfare Systems 80 program office, we were able to deliver on a critical need to the Fleet. This accomplishment showcases the ingenuity and resourcefulness of the Littoral Combat Ship Mission Module Program.”

Smart Spending in a Scrutinized Budget

At a time when leaders like former President Trump and business mogul Elon Musk are calling for greater accountability in defense spending, the Navy is proving that modernization doesn’t have to mean runaway costs.

  • The SSMM upgrade shows that the Navy is reusing and improving existing systems rather than building from scratch.
  • By integrating AI-driven detection, modular sensors, and open-architecture systems, upgrades remain adaptable and cost-efficient.
  • Industry partnerships with Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and General Atomics ensure that new technology is integrated without unnecessary government overhead.

Rear Adm. Kevin Smith summed it up best:
“This rapid integration of C-UAS capabilities enhances our ability to project power and maintain freedom of maneuver in contested environments. We are not only addressing immediate threats but also strengthening the Navy’s overall strategy for operational agility, deterrence, and sustained dominance.”

Industry & Navy Partnership Driving Innovation

Modernizing the U.S. Navy isn’t just a military effort—it’s a collaborative mission between dedicated sailors and some of the most advanced technology companies in the country. Industry leaders like Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and General Atomics are bringing cutting-edge AI, automation, and drone defense solutions to the fleet. These partnerships ensure that modernization is not just about spending money—it’s about getting the best value for every dollar spent while equipping our Navy with the tools needed to stay ahead of emerging threats.

Key industry players include:

  1. Lockheed Martin – Developing scalable counter-unmanned aerial systems (C-UAS) with AI-driven detection, modular sensors, and command-and-control systems.
  2. Northrop Grumman – Contracted to develop C-UAS solutions for the Navy.
  3. General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. (GA-ASI) – Testing government-provided autonomy software aboard the MQ-20 Avenger, demonstrating potential advances in Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles (UCAVs).
  4. uAvionix – Developed Casia G, enabling 24/7 Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) drone operations.
  5. Volatus Aerospace & Draganfly – Enhancing geospatial and automation capabilities.
  6. Pierce Aerospace – Working on Remote ID detection technology to identify unauthorized drones.

A Message from Americans for a Stronger Navy

“This isn’t just about hardware—it’s about the people who believe in a stronger, more cost-effective Navy. From the sailors aboard the USS Indianapolis to the engineers at Lockheed Martin, thousands of Americans are working every day to ensure the Navy remains a force to be reckoned with—without wasting taxpayer dollars.

We at Americans for a Stronger Navy believe this is the kind of smart, strategic modernization that deserves recognition. Our Navy isn’t just adapting to today’s threats—it’s building a foundation for a stronger, smarter future. This is what peace through strength looks like.”

Final Call to Action: Join the Conversation

At Americans for a Stronger Navy, we believe in supporting the hardworking sailors, engineers, and industry partners who are ensuring the Navy remains strong, modern, and cost-effective. But we can’t do it alone.

✅ Engage with us—Share your thoughts on what a stronger, smarter Navy looks like.
✅ Spread the word—Help shift the narrative to recognize the real efforts behind modernization.
✅ Stay informed—Follow us for updates on how the Navy is adapting to new challenges.

💬 What do you think? Let us know in the comments or visit StrongerNavy.org to learn more. Join the discussion on X.

Join the movement.

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An Open Letter to America: The Future of U.S. Shipbuilding and Naval Strength

Dear Fellow Americans,

We stand at a crossroads in our nation’s history—one that will determine the future of our Navy, our national security, and the very strength of our industrial base. The question before us is clear: Should we rebuild our naval shipbuilding capabilities here at home, seek foreign assistance, or attempt a hybrid approach?

This is not just a debate about policy. It’s a decision that affects every American—from those who serve at sea to the workers who build our ships, to the families and businesses that rely on safe and open trade routes secured by the U.S. Navy.

A Crisis Decades in the Making

The United States Navy, once unrivaled, now finds itself struggling to maintain a fleet large enough to meet global threats. At the same time, our domestic shipbuilding industry has shrunk to a fraction of its former strength.

  • Fewer Shipyards: During World War II, the U.S. built a ship a day. Now, we are lucky to produce a handful of warships per year due to limited shipyard capacity.
  • Aging Repair Facilities: The few remaining naval repair yards are overburdened and outdated, leading to costly maintenance delays.
  • Worker Shortages: The skilled workforce needed to build and maintain ships has dwindled, leaving shipyards struggling to meet demand.
  • Rising Threats: China now produces more naval tonnage every year than the U.S. does in a decade. Russia and other adversaries are also modernizing their fleets.

The urgency is real. The Navy’s shipbuilding plan is behind schedule, over budget, and falling short of strategic needs. Simply put, we need more ships, more shipyards, and more skilled workers to build and sustain them.

The Debate: Build Here, Look Abroad, or Both?

President-elect Donald Trump recently suggested leaning on allies to help build U.S. Navy ships. His words have sparked a debate with far-reaching consequences.

There are three paths forward:

1. Fully Rebuild U.S. Shipbuilding Capacity (America First Approach)

  • Invest in more shipyards and repair facilities to increase production.
  • Expand apprenticeship and workforce training programs to address skilled labor shortages.
  • Modernize naval infrastructure to improve efficiency and speed of delivery.

✅ Pros: Strengthens U.S. industry, creates jobs, ensures security.
❌ Cons: Takes time, requires significant investment.

2. Use Allied Shipyards for Basic Infrastructure (Hybrid Approach)

  • Partner with allies (e.g., Japan, South Korea, Italy) to build less complex vessels while reserving warship production for U.S. yards.
  • Temporarily relieve the burden on U.S. shipyards while domestic capacity is rebuilt.

✅ Pros: Speeds up production, allows time for U.S. shipbuilding expansion.
❌ Cons: Security risks, reliance on foreign suppliers, potential job losses.

3. Fully Outsource Basic Infrastructure (Foreign Assistance Approach)

  • Contract allied nations to build support ships and basic naval infrastructure abroad.
  • Focus U.S. shipyards solely on high-end warship production.

✅ Pros: Short-term boost in fleet numbers, cost savings.
❌ Cons: Weakens U.S. shipbuilding industry, risks foreign dependency.

What’s at Stake?

No matter which path we take, one fact remains: The U.S. Navy needs more ships—and we need them faster. The growing threats on the world stage do not wait for political debates or bureaucratic delays.

America must decide:

  • Do we commit to fully restoring our shipbuilding industry, investing in shipyards, repair facilities, and workforce training?
  • Do we pursue a temporary partnership with allies to fill immediate gaps?
  • Do we accept foreign-built support ships, potentially at the cost of domestic industry?

This is not just a decision for policymakers—it is a choice for every American. The strength of our Navy is the strength of our nation.

A Call to Action

We need a national shipbuilding strategy that prioritizes American security, economic resilience, and industrial strength.

  • Expand our domestic shipbuilding capacity.
  • Modernize and build more repair facilities.
  • Train and recruit more American workers to sustain naval readiness.
  • Ensure the Navy has the fleet it needs to protect global commerce and national security.

History shows us that when America builds, America wins. The decision before us will shape the Navy for generations to come. Let’s make sure it’s a future built on strength.
Americans for a Stronger Navy
StrongerNavy.org. Join the discussion on X.com/strongernavy

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An Open Letter: Forward Presence is Not the Problem—Fleet Size Is

An Open Letter: Forward Presence is Not the Problem—Fleet Size Is

To the Editors of War on the Rocks and Dr. Jonathan Panter,

Bill Cullifer, Founder
Bill Cullifer, Founder

Your recent commentary argues that naval forward presence is to blame for the U.S. Navy’s inability to deter China and sustain high-end warfighting capacity. While your article correctly identifies the exhaustion and strain imposed by relentless deployments, it misdiagnoses the cause and proposes a dangerous solution.

The problem is not forward presence—it’s fleet size, maintenance shortfalls, and a lack of leadership advocacy for real change.

“It is both realistic and very necessary to maintain forward presence while preparing for high-end conflict.”
— Captain Brent D. Sadler, USN (Ret.), Senior Fellow, Heritage Foundation

“The U.S. fleet size to support that deployment has significantly decreased since 1990.”
— Captain Steven Wills, USN (Ret.), Senior Advisor, Center for Maritime Strategy

A Shrinking Navy, An Expanding Mission

The numbers tell the real story:

  • ✅ In 1991: The U.S. Navy had 550 ships. Today, it has fewer than 290—a nearly 50% decline.
  • ✅ During the Cold War: Only one-fifth of the fleet was forward deployed. Today, it’s one-third, meaning fewer ships are doing more work.
  • ✅ Maintenance Shortfalls: The Navy has lost critical shore-based infrastructure, making it difficult to sustain current commitments—let alone expand.

Meanwhile, China’s threat has grown, not receded:

  • ✅ China’s Navy: Surpassed 340 ships in 2023 and continues expanding.
  • ✅ Indo-Pacific: Now the primary theater of strategic competition—where U.S. presence is more critical than ever.

The Wrong Solution: Scaling Back Presence

The argument that pulling back from forward deployment would somehow strengthen the Navy by reducing strain is not just wrong—it’s dangerous.

A reduced forward presence does not deter China—it emboldens it.

Beijing is already testing U.S. resolve in the South China Sea, Taiwan Strait, and beyond. A withdrawal would send a clear signal:

America is retreating.

That is not a path to deterrence—it’s a path to ceding maritime dominance to an adversary actively working to reshape the global order.

The Right Solution: A Bigger, More Sustainable Navy

Rather than abandoning forward presence, we must fix the real problem: our shrinking, overstretched fleet.

That means:

  • ✅ Growing the Fleet: Expand to at least 355 ships—endorsed repeatedly by military leaders.
  • ✅ Rebuilding Shore Support: Reinvest in shipyards, dry docks, and logistics infrastructure.
  • ✅ Leadership Advocacy: Navy leaders must demand either more ships or fewer assignments, not accept the status quo.
  • ✅ Congressional Action: Congress must prioritize fleet expansion over short-term cuts.

Conclusion: We Need More Ships, Not Fewer Commitments

Your commentary correctly highlights that the U.S. Navy is stretched thin and struggling to sustain global operations. But forward presence is not the problem. The real issue is that we are trying to maintain it with a fleet too small to sustain the mission.

For more than 75 years, forward-deployed U.S. naval forces have prevented conflict, reassured allies, and ensured maritime security. Scaling back presence does not fix the strain—it accelerates decline and weakens deterrence at the worst possible moment.

“If the United States is serious about deterring China, protecting global stability, and upholding its commitments, the answer is clear: Build a larger, more capable, and better-supported Navy.”

Educating the Public: Our Responsibility

The problem is not just military—it’s political and public awareness.

Too many Americans don’t realize how naval power secures our national and economic security. Without public pressure, there will be no political will to rebuild the fleet.

That’s why we at Americans for a Stronger Navy are launching:

“China, Russia, and America: Navigating Global Rivalries and Naval Challenges”

In our upcoming educational series, we will tackle the most pressing issues facing U.S. naval power, including:

  • ✅ The Role of Naval Power in Preventing Global Conflict
  • ✅ Economic & Strategic Impact of a Shrinking Fleet
  • ✅ China & Russia’s Naval Expansion and the Strategic Threat
  • ✅ U.S. Shipbuilding Crisis: Causes and Solutions
  • ✅ Congressional Accountability: Who’s Responsible for the Shrinking Fleet?

This isn’t just a discussion—it’s a call to action.

To naval leadership, policymakers, and media: Stop pretending all is well. Demand action before the Navy reaches a breaking point.

To the American public: Get informed. Get involved. A strong Navy is not just for the military—it’s for every American who benefits from global stability.

The U.S. Navy’s forward presence is not a luxury—it’s a necessity.

The problem is not the strategy—it’s the lack of resources to sustain it.

If the U.S. wants to deter China, protect its interests, and maintain global stability, the answer is clear: Build a stronger, larger, better-supported, and more capable Navy.

We urge the administration, Congress, and military leadership to acknowledge reality:

Our commitments are not too big—our Navy is too small.

Sincerely,  Bill Cullifer
Founder, Americans for a Stronger Navy

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When America Ships, America Wins

Wake up, America—our destiny depends on it.

Bill Cullifer, Founder
Bill Cullifer, Founder

Introduction

In our ongoing pursuit to strengthen America’s sea power, we must confront the challenges facing both our Navy and the broader maritime domain. Over the weekend, I immersed myself in key publications—from Captain Brent D. Sadler’s impassioned article, The Nation Needs a Shipbuilding Revolution (February 2025 Proceedings), to insightful analyses on platforms like War on the Rocks and legislative presentations regarding the SHIPS for America Act. In addition, I revisited the history and nuance of Naval versus Maritime Statecraft.

The conclusion is clear: our nation’s strength at sea relies on a transformative, integrated approach. In short, When America Ships, America Wins.

Why This Matters

For too long, the U.S. Navy has operated under a narrow warfighting mandate—a legacy of policies from the 1950s that prioritized combat readiness above all else. Yet history teaches us that true American sea power has always depended on two interlinked capabilities: a modern, formidable fleet and an engaged maritime domain that underpins commerce, diplomacy, and humanitarian efforts.

As Rep. Garamendi recently stated,
“Today, less than 200 oceangoing ships fly the American flag; the SHIPS for America Act will empower our shipyards and marine merchants to uphold our country’s status as a leader in the maritime industry.”

Meanwhile, Senator Mark Kelly emphasized,
“Strengthening America’s shipbuilding capacity and revitalizing our commercial maritime industry is critical to both our national security and economic resilience.”

These words capture the urgent need to reinvest in our naval statecraft while simultaneously enhancing our broader maritime strength.

Our Journey to Clarity
Throughout my review, several key insights emerged:

Dissecting the Sources: Captain Sadler’s article calls for a revolution in U.S. naval shipbuilding. He writes, “For too long, needed investment in and action to bolster our nation’s maritime industrial base have been elusive. That luxury is no longer feasible given the threat from a revanchist and massively invested Chinese military.” His words, combined with insights from War on the Rocks and historical reflections, remind us that our Navy must once again balance combat readiness with essential peacetime missions.

Clarifying Terminology: We now clearly distinguish between “naval statecraft”—focused on rebuilding our fleet and shipbuilding capacity—and “maritime statecraft,” which encompasses the broader economic, diplomatic, and logistical roles at sea. Recognizing that these two concepts are mutually reinforcing helps create a coherent strategic message.

Refining Our Message: After extensive review and discussion, our distilled, bold message is: When America Ships, America Wins. Coupled with the rallying cry, Wake up, America—our destiny depends on it, this encapsulates the urgent need to invest in our naval statecraft to secure our maritime future.

Key Takeaways and Implications

Integrated Mission for a Modern Era: A strong Navy is not just about preparing for war—it is the foundation of national security, economic prosperity, and global maritime influence. When America builds its ships, it reinforces its entire maritime domain.

Economic and Security Benefits: Investment in our shipbuilding industry creates high-quality jobs, revitalizes our manufacturing base, and ensures our fleet is capable of sustaining military operations and global trade. Without sufficient modern vessels, our ability to maintain critical supply chains is at risk.

Historical Lessons for Today: The interwar period showed that the U.S. Navy once balanced readiness for war with vital peacetime missions like humanitarian aid and diplomatic engagement. Recalling these lessons provides a blueprint for integrating naval and maritime statecraft in today’s complex environment.

In my efforts to understand the challenges facing the U.S. Navy and our maritime infrastructure, I have spent a fair amount of time reviewing the Jones Act and the range of views surrounding it. While there are differing opinions on how best to strengthen our domestic shipping industry, one thing is clear—America needs more ships, a stronger supporting infrastructure, and a Navy that is fully equipped to protect our national security. Regardless of where one stands on the specifics of maritime policy, we can all agree that a Stronger Navy is critical to American security and economic resilience. My focus remains on ensuring that we have the industrial capacity, shipbuilding capabilities, and logistics networks necessary to maintain U.S. maritime strength in an increasingly contested world.

Why Americans Should Care

For over two centuries, American maritime strength has been a cornerstone of our global leadership. Yet today, our domestic shipbuilding industry has shrunk from over 300 shipyards in the 1980s to just 20, and our U.S.-flagged commercial fleet has dwindled to fewer than 80 vessels. With China dominating global shipbuilding and maritime trade, the equation is simple: When America Ships, America Wins. Our shipyards are the engines powering our Navy, safeguarding our commerce, and securing our freedom.

Implications for the Navy and the Maritime Domain

For the Navy: Modernizing our fleet enhances operational readiness, supports a skilled and sustainable workforce, and allows the Navy to execute both war and peacetime missions. A modernized Navy is essential to deter adversaries and defend our national interests.

For the Maritime Domain: A thriving shipbuilding industry is vital for protecting American commerce, ensuring free navigation, and fostering economic resilience. Strengthening our maritime statecraft reinforces strategic partnerships and maintains our global influence.

The Legislative Response: SHIPS for America Act

Bipartisan efforts led by figures such as Senator Mark Kelly, Congressman Mike Waltz, Rep. Trent Kelly, and Rep. John Garamendi have culminated in the introduction of the Shipbuilding and Harbor Infrastructure for Prosperity and Security (SHIPS) for America Act. This comprehensive legislation proposes to:

  • Revive U.S. Shipbuilding: Offer tax incentives and targeted investments to rebuild our shipyards and attract private-sector growth.
  • Expand the U.S.-Flagged Merchant Fleet: Implement cargo preference laws to ensure more goods travel on American ships.
  • Strengthen National Security: Increase the supply of ships available for military logistics and rapid response.
  • Develop a New Maritime Workforce: Establish apprenticeships, trade school incentives, and recruiting programs to restore critical skills in ship maintenance and marine operations.
  • Forge Strategic Partnerships with Allies: Collaborate with trusted nations like Japan, South Korea, Finland, and Canada to enhance our shipbuilding capacity while ensuring American oversight.

This legislation is not about partisan politics—it’s about survival. With global supply chains vulnerable to disruption, the urgency to rebuild our maritime strength has never been greater.

Conclusion & Call to Action

History teaches us that nations fall when they lose control of the seas. Today, as our adversaries grow stronger and our industrial base shrinks, we cannot afford to dawdle. It’s not war we desire, but peace achieved through strength—and our enemies must know that America will not stand idly by.

Join us in this crucial mission. We call on policymakers, industry leaders, and every American who values freedom and prosperity to support transformative initiatives that invest in our naval statecraft. By strengthening our shipbuilding industry and modernizing our Navy, we secure a robust maritime future that benefits us all.

When American Ships, America Wins.
Wake up, America—our destiny depends on it.

Visit StrongerNavy.org to learn more, get involved, and help ensure that our nation’s shipbuilding efforts pave the way for a secure and prosperous future.

In service to a stronger America,
Bill

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Sealab and the Silent Frontier: Why Undersea Exploration Still Matters for America

SEALAB I was lowered off the coast of Bermuda in 1964
Bill Cullifer, Founder
Bill Cullifer, Founder

In the 1960s, while the world marveled at NASA’s race to the moon, the U.S. Navy was quietly conducting its own groundbreaking experiments in the depths of the ocean. Capt. George Bond, a visionary Navy medical officer, saw the ocean floor as humanity’s next frontier. Through the Sealab program, Bond and his team pioneered technologies and techniques that pushed the boundaries of what was possible underwater.

Why this matters

Though it lacked the glory and attention of space exploration, Sealab revealed the untapped potential of the ocean and laid the groundwork for advancements that still benefit us today. But the real question remains: Why should Americans care about undersea exploration now, decades after the Sealab program ended?

The answer lies in what the oceans represent—security, resources, and innovation. In an increasingly competitive and interconnected world, America’s ability to operate and protect its interests underwater is more critical than ever.

The Vision of Sealab

The Sealab program was nothing short of audacious. In an era when divers could barely spend 30 minutes underwater using compressed air, Capt. Bond and his team envisioned a future where humans could live and work on the ocean floor for weeks or even months. Through Sealab I, II, and III, they developed and tested the revolutionary concept of saturation diving, which allowed divers to stay submerged for extended periods without suffering from decompression sickness.

Sealab II, in particular, demonstrated the viability of underwater living. Teams of aquanauts conducted scientific experiments, tested tools for underwater construction, and explored how the human body coped with prolonged exposure to the deep sea. The program even incorporated whimsical innovations, like a trained dolphin named Tuffy, to deliver supplies.

Despite its promise, the program ended tragically with the death of aquanaut Berry Cannon during the Sealab III mission. But the legacy of Sealab lived on, influencing both naval operations and the oil industry’s offshore drilling advancements.

The Ocean’s Strategic and Economic Importance

While Sealab was ahead of its time, its lessons are more relevant today than ever. The oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface and hold the key to global trade, communication, and resources. Undersea cables, for instance, carry 95% of the world’s internet traffic—making them critical to both commerce and national security.

Moreover, the ocean floor contains vast reserves of minerals, rare earth elements, and other resources essential for modern technologies. Nations like China are actively pursuing undersea mining and infrastructure projects to secure these resources, positioning themselves as dominant players in the maritime domain.

The U.S. Navy plays a vital role in safeguarding these interests. From protecting shipping lanes to monitoring underwater activity, the Navy’s ability to operate in the undersea domain is essential to America’s security and economic stability. Sealab’s pioneering spirit reminds us that exploration and innovation are necessary to maintain this edge.

The Lessons of Sealab for Today

The Sealab program was a testament to human ingenuity and resilience. The aquanauts’ willingness to push physical and technological limits paved the way for modern advancements in undersea exploration. Technologies developed during Sealab, such as saturation diving, are still used by the Navy and commercial industries today.

But the program also underscores the importance of readiness and adaptability. The challenges faced by the Sealab teams—equipment malfunctions, extreme cold, and life-threatening situations—are reminders that operating underwater requires constant vigilance and innovation.

As competition for undersea resources intensifies and adversaries like China and Russia expand their capabilities, the U.S. cannot afford to fall behind. Investing in undersea technologies, such as autonomous underwater vehicles and advanced submarines, is critical to maintaining America’s strategic advantage.

Why America Should Care

The oceans may not capture the public’s imagination like space, but they are no less important. Sealab showed us that the ocean floor is not just a mysterious expanse—it’s a frontier of opportunity and strategic importance. The Navy’s ability to operate effectively underwater is essential for protecting our economy, ensuring global stability, and deterring aggression.

And let me add this—while Elon Musk is busy dreaming of Mars, I think we can start a little closer to home. We live here. This planet is our home, and the ocean is a wealth of untapped opportunity. Supporting our Navy’s efforts to explore and protect the undersea domain isn’t just about national security; it’s about investing in the place where humanity will continue to thrive. Sorry, Elon, but this sailor would rather stay right here, on Earth.

A Call to Action

Sealab may be a forgotten chapter in America’s history, but its lessons remain vital. The program was a bold attempt to explore the unknown and push the limits of human potential. Today, we face new challenges and opportunities in the undersea domain, and we must rise to meet them with the same spirit of innovation and determination.

As Americans, we have a responsibility to support the Navy and ensure it has the resources and technologies needed to protect our interests. The oceans are a silent frontier, but their importance to our security and prosperity cannot be overstated. Let’s honor the legacy of Sealab by championing the Navy’s mission and investing in the future of undersea exploration.

The U.S. Navy’s commitment to undersea exploration and innovation lives on through the work of institutions like the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and the Naval Postgraduate School. These organizations, alongside collaborations like the National Institute for Undersea Vehicle Technology (NIUVT), continue to push the boundaries of what is possible beneath the waves. Their efforts ensure that America remains at the forefront of undersea research, protecting vital resources and advancing technology in ways that honor the legacy of Sealab and its pioneers.

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Introducing Our Three-Part Series: Shaping the Future of Aerial Combat

Are Spaceships in the U.S. Navy’s future?
Bill Cullifer, Founder
Bill Cullifer, Founder

F-35 vs. Drones in U.S. Defense Strategy

Why This Matters to All Americans

As technology evolves and global security challenges intensify, the conversation about the future of aerial combat grows increasingly critical. At Americans for a Stronger Navy, we believe this debate is not just for defense experts and policymakers—it’s a conversation that impacts every American. The decisions we make today about our military capabilities will shape the safety, security, and strategic posture of the United States for decades to come.

The stakes are monumental. From the taxpayer dollars funding advanced fighter programs to the geopolitical implications of maintaining air superiority, this is a topic that demands both transparency and public engagement. That’s why we’re launching a comprehensive three-part series to explore this issue from every angle.

What We Plan to Cover

Part 1: The Debate Over the F-35 Program

  • We will present the current arguments surrounding the F-35 program, including Elon Musk’s critiques of manned fighter jets, Lockheed Martin’s defense of the aircraft, and the U.S. Navy’s position on its strategic importance. This installment will provide a clear and balanced view of the differing perspectives.

Part 2: Behind the Scenes of Defense Planning

  • This segment will peel back the layers of what goes into planning programs like the F-35. From research and development to operational strategies, we’ll dive into the complexity of balancing current needs with future threats. This part will highlight the challenges faced by military planners and strategists, giving Americans a deeper appreciation of the decisions at hand.

Part 3: The Future of Aerial Combat and Public Involvement

  • In our final piece, we’ll explore how advancements in technology and evolving geopolitical dynamics will shape the future of aerial combat. This installment will conclude with a call to action, inviting the American public to engage with this issue and weigh in on the path forward.

Why This Topic Is Significant

The F-35 program has been a cornerstone of U.S. airpower, but it is also a lightning rod for criticism. High costs, technical challenges, and emerging alternatives like drone swarms have sparked intense debate. At the same time, the world is witnessing rapid advancements in hypersonics, artificial intelligence, and unmanned systems—technologies that could redefine the very nature of warfare.

This is about more than aircraft. It’s about maintaining America’s technological edge, ensuring national security, and spending taxpayer dollars responsibly. The choices we make today will determine whether the U.S. remains a global leader in military innovation or cedes ground to competitors like China and Russia.

Why Americans Should Care

At its heart, this is a conversation about priorities. Should the U.S. continue investing in programs like the F-35, or pivot to emerging technologies? How can we ensure our military remains strong while being fiscally responsible? These are questions that affect every American, and they deserve thoughtful, informed discussion.

We encourage you to follow this series, engage with the content, and share your thoughts. As citizens, we have a vital role to play in shaping the future of our nation’s defense. Together, we can ensure that America’s Navy remains not only stronger but also smarter and more efficient.

Stay tuned for Part 1 of our series, where we dive into the debate over the F-35 program and explore the arguments from all sides. Let’s navigate this complex topic together.

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Open Letter to gCaptain: Rallying Americans for a Stronger Navy and Maritime Future

Americans Must Rally: A Call for Accountability, Transparency, Action, and Sustainability in Protecting Our Maritime Future

Dear gCaptain Team, Officers, and Readers,

Bill Cullifer, Founder
Bill Cullifer, Founder

Your recent article, “Could Trump Rebuild and Repair The U.S. Navy?”, has sparked crucial questions about the future of our Navy and maritime security. We find ourselves in strong agreement with the article’s urgent call for action within the first 100 days of the next administration. While leadership may change, our commitment to a stronger Navy and secure maritime future must remain constant. The need for a comprehensive fleet readiness review, a revitalized industrial base, and a stronger Navy and civilian maritime workforce are clear. These steps underscore the essential measures needed to sustain and fortify our national maritime capabilities.

This mission, however, extends beyond any one administration—it requires enduring bipartisan support and a commitment from all Americans to ensure the resilience and strength of our Navy. As Dale A. Jenkins, Senior Advisor to Americans for a Stronger Navy, Staff Director of the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, and author of Diplomats and Admirals, reminds us,

“True strength isn’t built overnight or through short-term gains. It’s a sustained commitment—one rooted in strategic thinking and a shared vision of America’s future on the world stage.” – Dale A. Jenkins

By fostering a united approach, we can address the challenges our Navy faces and secure a sustainable, long-term future for America’s maritime security.

The Need for Public Trust and Involvement

As the founder of Americans for a Stronger Navy, I share your sense of urgency. Our Navy is underfunded and overstretched, struggling to maintain basic readiness in the face of rising global instability. Yet, the solutions to these challenges lie not only within government circles but also in greater public accountability. To that end, we must actively strengthen trust by engaging informed community who bring credibility and understanding to the table, rather than overwhelming the Navy with generalized public input.

Heightened Threats: Cybersecurity and Misinformation Campaigns

The threats we face today are more immediate and serious than many realize. Adversaries like China, Russia, and Iran have repeatedly demonstrated their willingness to hack critical infrastructure and disrupt telecommunications networks. Recent breaches—such as the infiltration of presidential cell phones and sustained attacks targeting U.S. energy, transportation, and communication systems—highlight the vulnerabilities at our nation’s strategic chokepoints. These adversaries are also engaged in misinformation campaigns aimed at disrupting our elections and undermining public discourse. In these volatile times, protecting the Navy also means protecting the commerce and infrastructure that support our economic security. Our readiness to secure these critical pathways is essential to maintaining both national stability and global trade.

Communicating Threats with Clarity

It’s no secret that Americans are weary of “sky-is-falling” rhetoric. Recent messaging around foreign threats and national security has met with mixed reactions, with figures like Senator Rand Paul raising questions about threat exaggeration and others comparing current concerns to past overhyped crises like Y2K. Yet today’s threats are uniquely layered and immediate; they extend beyond traditional warfare into digital, economic, and strategic domains that impact every American. As Reagan wisely put it,

“Our reluctance for conflict should not be misjudged as a failure of will. When action is required to preserve our national security, we will act.”  – Ronald Reagan 

Overreactions and misdeeds by bad actors have eroded trust, making it crucial that these real and present dangers are communicated with clarity and restraint. Our task, then, is to educate Americans with transparency, balance, and practical information. To do this effectively, we must break out of our silos and work together across organizations, agencies, and forums to foster the lasting support needed for a stronger Navy and a resilient maritime sector.

Building a Sustainable, Long-Term Impact

At Americans for a Stronger Navy, our mission is to educate, engage, and rally Americans around the critical importance of maritime security to national stability and prosperity. We believe the key to lasting impact lies in building a “groundswell of support” from the American people. History shows us the importance of such buy-in; Reagan’s successful naval expansion during the Cold War was driven by bipartisan support and public backing, creating a sustainable, long-term defense initiative. As Reagan once said,

“Strength is the most persuasive argument we have to convince our adversaries to negotiate seriously and to cease bullying other nations.”-  Ronald Reagan

While the president undoubtedly influences these decisions, we know from experience that initiatives without public buy-in and congressional support are destined to struggle. Americans also need a clearer understanding of what’s at stake and why these actions matter.

Our Path Forward

  • Engaging Veteran Groups and Nonprofit Organizations: We propose enlisting veteran groups, nonprofits, and civic organizations to help bridge the gap between the Navy and the American public. These groups offer credibility and firsthand experience, helping Americans understand the Navy’s role beyond headlines and defense budgets. Their connection to local communities is invaluable in turning national support into local action.
  • A Smarter, More Comprehensive Public Strategy: Rather than working in silos, we must consider the taxpayer in every recommendation. Americans are fatigued with crisis messaging, so our approach must be nuanced, practical, and respectful of their investment. Taxpayers need to see where their support goes, with a clear view of how a stronger Navy directly contributes to national and economic security.
  • Fostering Long-Term, Congressional Support and Collaboration: Rallying Americans for a stronger Navy isn’t about party lines—it’s about protecting our nation’s future. To achieve this, we must create a platform that prioritizes transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement. Such a united approach can help avoid politicizing the Navy, reinforcing that naval readiness is a shared national responsibility that resonates beyond any one administration.
  • Expanding on gCaptain’s Key Recommendations:
    • Comprehensive Fleet Readiness Review: We support a thorough review of our fleet, shipyards, and industrial base, with an eye toward transparency. Bringing in a volunteer committee of former Navy personnel could lend critical insights, ensuring the review captures both strategic needs and firsthand realities.
    • Halting Early Decommissioning: Rather than prematurely retiring ships, we need creative, cost-effective solutions to extend their service. Involving experienced veterans and industry experts can provide valuable perspectives on this approach, minimizing strategic gaps.
    • Building a Stronger Maritime Workforce: We echo the call for a revitalized maritime workforce but stress that this must come with taxpayer accountability and public support.

An American Imperative

This is not a left or right initiative—it is an American imperative. As John F. Kennedy wisely said, “Let us not seek the Republican answer or the Democratic answer, but the right answer.” Today, we echo that call for unity. The threats we face are larger than many realize, and we cannot afford to let partisan divisions stand in the way of building the Navy we need. We call for community leaders to unite under a common voice, advocating for a stronger Navy, greater accountability, and a sustainable foundation for our maritime security. By fostering long-term resilience and preparedness, together, we can protect our maritime future for generations to come.

Sincerely,
Bill Cullifer
Founder, Americans for a Stronger Navy

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Distributed Command and Control: Integrating Unmanned Systems for a Future-Ready Navy

Introduction

As we continue our deep dive into Project 33, we’ve seen how the Navy is actively investing in cutting-edge technologies like autonomous vehicles. We are fortunate to have insights from Dr. Steven Wills, Navalist at the Center for Maritime Strategy at the Navy League of the United States and Senior Advisor to Americans for a Stronger Navy. Dr. Wills, author of “Strategy Shelved: The Collapse of Cold War Naval Strategic Planning,” is an expert in U.S. Navy strategy and policy, particularly in surface warfare programs and platforms. Drawing from his extensive experience and research, Dr. Wills shared his thoughts on the progress and challenges of integrating unmanned systems into the Navy’s operations.

The Importance of Distributed Command and Control

At the heart of Project 33 is the concept of enabling our fleets to operate as a cohesive, yet dispersed, force capable of adapting to dynamic and complex threat environments. Command centers, such as Maritime Operations Centers (MOCs), play a crucial role in this distributed approach, serving as the nerve centers that link together various platforms, assets, and capabilities. To succeed in a high-end conflict, the Navy must have the ability to control and coordinate forces across vast distances, making use of both manned and unmanned systems.

Dr. Steven Wills’ Expert Insights on Unmanned Systems Integration

As Dr. Wills points out, “The MQ-25A is expected to be the basis for an unmanned strike aircraft to be fielded in the near future as the Navy seeks to make the carrier air wing 60% unmanned by 2035-2040.”

This development is a clear example of how the Navy is moving toward a more distributed, networked approach, where unmanned systems not only extend the reach of manned assets but also enhance their effectiveness.

Practical Impacts: The MQ-25A and Uncrewed Surface Ships

The introduction of the MQ-25A next year marks a pivotal step forward in Project 33’s implementation. This unmanned aerial refueling aircraft will eliminate the inefficient practice of “buddy tanking,” where F/A-18s are used as tankers, freeing them up for their primary combat missions. As Dr. Wills highlights, the MQ-25A’s deployment will significantly enhance the operational efficiency of carrier air wings, allowing for extended range and strike capabilities.

Similarly, the Navy’s uncrewed surface ship project is progressing, with plans to field uncrewed ships as additional missile magazines for our destroyers. This not only increases the fleet’s offensive and defensive capabilities but also reduces the risk to personnel, demonstrating how unmanned systems are seamlessly integrated into distributed operations.

The Human Element: Training and Maintenance

Dr. Steven Wills also offers an essential reminder that the adoption of unmanned systems doesn’t diminish the need for skilled sailors. Instead, it shifts the focus toward training personnel to maintain and repair these advanced systems. The Navy’s robotics initiative under Project 33 will require recruiting and training a new generation of sailors adept at operating and sustaining unmanned technologies, ensuring that we remain at the forefront of maritime innovation.

“The adoption of unmanned systems doesn’t diminish the need for skilled sailors. Instead, it shifts the focus toward training personnel to maintain and repair these advanced systems.” – Dr. Steven Wills

Why This Matters for Distributed Operations

The integration of unmanned systems is more than just adding new tools to the fleet—it’s about building a networked, adaptable force capable of responding to threats quickly and decisively. By incorporating autonomous vehicles into distributed command structures, the Navy gains flexibility, increased reach, and the ability to execute missions with greater precision and efficiency.

As Dr. Steven Wills rightly emphasizes, these advancements represent the future of naval warfare, where manned and unmanned assets work in concert to achieve strategic objectives.

Conclusion

Project 33’s emphasis on distributed command and control is a testament to the Navy’s commitment to preparing for future conflicts. By integrating unmanned systems like the MQ-25A and uncrewed surface ships, we’re not just enhancing the Navy’s capabilities—we’re fundamentally changing how we operate, ensuring that our fleets remain agile, adaptable, and ready for any challenge.

The road ahead will require continued investment, innovation, and the support of the American public. Together, we can ensure that the Navy remains a dominant force in an increasingly complex world. Please support the Navy and the Americans for Stronger Navy by following us on Facebook or by completing the contact us page by clicking here.

Dr. Wills, author of “Strategy Shelved: The Collapse of Cold War Naval Strategic Planning,” is available on Amazon. For details click here.